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The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, was a Bronze Age civilization in the northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in mature form from 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. Along with ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia it was one of three early civilizations of the Old World.
The Indus Valley Civilization was centered on the Indus River basin in what is now Pakistan and northwestern India. It was discovered in the 1920s by British archaeologists. The civilization was named after the Indus River, which flows through the region.
The Indus Valley Civilization was a major urban civilization. The largest city, Harappa, had a Population of over 200,000 people. Other major cities included Mohenjo-daro, Dholavira, and Rakhigarhi.
The Indus Valley Civilization was a sophisticated Society with a complex System of Government, religion, and trade. The people of the Indus Valley Civilization were skilled in agriculture, Pottery, metalworking, and stoneworking.
The Indus Valley Civilization declined around 1900 BCE. The reasons for the decline are not fully understood, but it may have been due to a combination of factors, including Climate change, invasion, and internal conflict.
The Harappan Civilization was a Bronze Age civilization that flourished in the Indus River valley from 2600 to 1900 BCE. The Harappans were a highly advanced people who built large cities, developed a system of writing, and traded with other civilizations in the region.
The Harappans were skilled farmers who grew wheat, barley, and rice. They also raised cattle, sheep, and goats. The Harappans were also skilled craftsmen who made pottery, jewelry, and tools.
The Harappans had a complex system of government. The city-states were ruled by a king or queen. The Harappans also had a system of law and order.
The Harappans were polytheistic. They worshipped a number of gods and goddesses, including Indra, the god of war, and Varuna, the god of the sky.
The Harappans were a peaceful people. They traded with other civilizations in the region, including Mesopotamia and Egypt. The Harappans also had contact with the Chinese.
The Harappan Civilization declined around 1900 BCE. The reasons for the decline are not fully understood, but it may have been due to a combination of factors, including Climate Change, invasion, and internal conflict.
The Vedic Period was a time of great religious and Cultural Development in India. It began around 1500 BCE and lasted until around 500 BCE.
The Vedas are a collection of sacred texts that were written during the Vedic Period. The Vedas are the foundation of Hinduism-2/”>Hinduism.
The Vedic Period was a time of great social and political change in India. The Aryans, a group of Indo-European peoples, migrated to India from Central Asia during this time. The Aryans brought with them their language, Sanskrit, and their religion, Hinduism.
The Aryans conquered the indigenous peoples of India and established a number of kingdoms. The most important of these kingdoms was the Kuru Kingdom, which was located in the Ganges River valley.
The Vedic Period was a time of great intellectual and philosophical development in India. The Aryans developed a number of new ideas about religion, philosophy, and science.
The Upanishads are a collection of philosophical texts that were written during the Vedic Period. The Upanishads are considered to be the most important texts in Hinduism.
The Mahabharata is an epic poem that was written during the Vedic Period. The Mahabharata is the longest epic poem in the world.
The Ramayana is an epic poem that was written during the Vedic Period. The Ramayana is one of the most popular stories in Hinduism.
The Mauryan Empire was an ancient Indian empire that was founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 321 BCE. The Mauryan Empire was one of the largest and most powerful empires in Indian history.
The Mauryan Empire was founded by Chandragupta Maurya, who was a member of the Moriya clan. Chandragupta Maurya was a brilliant military strategist and statesman. He conquered most of the Indian subcontinent and established a vast empire.
The Mauryan Empire was ruled by a series of powerful emperors, including Ashoka the Great. Ashoka the Great was a devout Buddhist who promoted peace and non-violence. He is considered to be one of the greatest rulers in Indian history.
The Mauryan Empire declined in the 2nd century BCE. The reasons for the decline are not fully understood, but it may have been due to a combination of factors, including economic problems
Here are some frequently asked questions and short answers about Important Ancient Terms for JPSC (Jharkhand) Prelims and Mains Examination:
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What is the Indus Valley Civilization?
The Indus Valley Civilization was an ancient civilization that flourished in the Indus River valley from 3300 to 1300 BCE. It was one of the earliest urban civilizations in the world, and its people were skilled in agriculture, metalworking, and pottery. -
What are the main features of the Indus Valley Civilization?
The main features of the Indus Valley Civilization include its urban planning, its well-developed system of drainage, and its use of seals and writing. The Indus Valley cities were laid out in a grid pattern, with streets and houses arranged in a neat and orderly fashion. The cities also had well-developed systems of drainage, which helped to keep the cities clean and free from disease. The Indus Valley people also used seals and writing, which they used to record important information, such as trade transactions and religious ceremonies. -
What were the major achievements of the Indus Valley Civilization?
The major achievements of the Indus Valley Civilization include its urban planning, its well-developed system of drainage, its use of seals and writing, and its advanced technology. The Indus Valley cities were some of the most advanced in the world at the time, and their system of drainage was far ahead of its time. The Indus Valley people also used seals and writing, which they used to record important information, such as trade transactions and religious ceremonies. In addition, the Indus Valley people were skilled in metalworking, pottery, and other crafts. -
What were the causes of the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization?
The causes of the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization are not fully understood, but it is thought that a combination of factors, such as climate change, natural disasters, and invasion, may have contributed to its downfall. -
What are the main sources of information about the Indus Valley Civilization?
The main sources of information about the Indus Valley Civilization are archaeological remains, such as ruins of cities and artifacts, and written records from other civilizations. Archaeological remains provide valuable information about the Indus Valley people’s way of life, such as their architecture, technology, and art. Written records from other civilizations, such as the Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations, provide information about the Indus Valley Civilization’s trade and interactions with other cultures. -
What is the significance of the Indus Valley Civilization?
The Indus Valley Civilization is significant because it was one of the earliest urban civilizations in the world, and its people were skilled in agriculture, metalworking, and pottery. The Indus Valley Civilization also had a well-developed system of drainage and used seals and writing. The Indus Valley Civilization was a major center of Trade and Commerce, and its influence can be seen in other cultures around the world. -
What are some of the challenges of studying the Indus Valley Civilization?
Some of the challenges of studying the Indus Valley Civilization include the lack of written records from the Indus Valley people themselves. The Indus Valley people did not use a writing system that has been deciphered, so archaeologists must rely on archaeological remains and written records from other civilizations to learn about the Indus Valley Civilization. Another challenge is that the Indus Valley Civilization was spread over a large area, so it is difficult to study the entire civilization as a whole. -
What are some of the misconceptions about the Indus Valley Civilization?
Some of the misconceptions about the Indus Valley Civilization include the idea that it was a primitive civilization. The Indus Valley Civilization was actually a very advanced civilization, with its own unique culture and achievements. Another misconception is that the Indus Valley Civilization was wiped out by a sudden disaster. The Indus Valley Civilization declined over time, and there is no evidence of a sudden disaster that caused its downfall. -
What are some of the unanswered questions about the Indus Valley Civilization?
Some of the unanswered questions about the Indus Valley Civilization include the question of its origins. The Indus Valley Civilization emerged from a pre-existing culture, but the exact origins of the Indus Valley Civilization are not known. Another unanswered question is the question of its decline. The Indus Valley Civilization declined over time, but the exact causes of its decline are not known. -
What are some of the future directions of research on the Indus Valley Civilization?
Some of the future directions of research on the Indus Valley Civilization include the study of its origins, its decline, and its interactions with other cultures. Archaeologists are also working to decipher the Indus Valley writing system, which would provide valuable information about the Indus Valley people and their culture.
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Which of the following is not a Vedic deity?
(A) Indra
(B) Varuna
(C) Vishnu
(D) Shiva -
The Rig Veda is divided into how many mandalas?
(A) 10
(B) 12
(C) 15
(D) 18 -
The Upanishads are a collection of philosophical texts that are part of which Hindu tradition?
(A) Vaishnavism
(B) Shaivism
(C) Shaktism
(D) Vedanta -
The Mahabharata is an epic poem that tells the story of a conflict between which two families?
(A) The Pandavas and the Kauravas
(B) The Ramayana and the Mahabharata
(C) The Ramayana and the Mahabharata
(D) The Ramayana and the Mahabharata -
The Ramayana is an epic poem that tells the story of which prince?
(A) Rama
(B) Krishna
(C) Arjuna
(D) Shiva -
The Gupta Empire was a golden age of Indian culture and civilization. It was founded by which ruler?
(A) Chandragupta I
(B) Samudragupta
(C) Chandragupta II
(D) Kumaragupta I -
The Mauryan Empire was a powerful empire that ruled over much of the Indian subcontinent. It was founded by which ruler?
(A) Ashoka the Great
(B) Chandragupta Maurya
(C) Bindusara
(D) Samudra Gupta -
The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age civilization that flourished in the Indus River valley. It was one of the earliest civilizations in the world.
(A) True
(B) False -
The Harappan civilization was a Bronze Age civilization that flourished in the Indus River valley. It was one of the earliest civilizations in the world.
(A) True
(B) False -
The Aryans were a group of people who migrated to India from Central Asia. They are believed to have been the founders of the Vedic civilization.
(A) True
(B) False