<–2/”>a >A race is a grouping of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into categories generally viewed as inherently distinct by Society. India is a multicultural country. Anthropologists are committed to grasping the dynamics of communities and populations. As anthropology combines the premises of a biological as well as well as socio-cultural study, it looks at the diverse sections of human beings with dual perspective, one derived from its branch called biological anthropology, and the other from social/cultural anthropology.
Guha has classified the races in India as:-
1. The Negritos
Morphological Features: Skin Colour – Dark Brown to Dark Black; Hair – Woolly in form; Head Form – Small, Round, Medium or Long; Forehead is Bulbous; Supraorbital Ridges – Smooth; Eyes – Dark in Colour, Nose Form – Straight, Flat and Broad; Stature- Very Short height or Pygmy.
Represented by the Kadars, Pulayans (Cochin and Travancore, Irular and Primitive tribes of Wynad. They are considered to be autochthones of India.
2. The Proto-Australoids
Morphological Features: Skin Colour – Dark Brown; Hair – Dark in Colour; Wavy and Curly Hair form; Head – Long (Dolichocephalic); Forehead – Less Developed and Slightly retreating; Supraorbital Ridges – Prominent; Eyes – Dark in Colour; Nose – Broad, Depressed at the Root; Stature – Short, Limbs are delicate.
This type is represented by Urali (Travancore), Baiga (Rewa), the tribal groups – Chenchu, Kannikar, Kondh, Bhil, Santal, Oron belong to this group. Their morphological features wavy hair is different form the Negritos who are having frizzly or woolly hair.
3. The Mongoloids
This group is characterised by straight hair, obliquely set eyes showing Epicanthic fold; scanty hair on body and face, flat face with prominent cheek bones.
They are represented by two groups – (i) Palaeo – Mongoloids who are categorized into
(a) Long – headed and (b) Broad – headed and (ii) Tibeto – Mongoloids
4. Mediterranean (Dravidian):
They comprise three distinct racial types base on their stature, head, complexion etc.
(a) Palaeo-Mediterranean: They have medium stature, dark skin with slight built. The head is long narrow and vault high with bulbous forehead and slightly projecting occiput. Face is usually narrow, prominent, moderately broad and fleshy. Facial and body hair are scanty. The representatives of this type are the Tamil, Telugu Brahmins and Nayars.
(b) Mediterranean proper: They are characterized by long head with arched forehead, long face, narrow and prominent nose, tall to medium stature, Light skin color. They have plentiful body and facial hair, dark hair and eyes brownish to dark brown, chin is well developed. The true representatives are the Numbudiri Brahmins of Cochin, Brahmins of Allahabad, and Maratha Women of Indore. The Bengali Brahmins also show this type of characteristics. Probably this type was responsible for the building up of Indus Valley Civilization.
(c) Oriental: This is the latest of the Mediterranean to enter India. It is very similar to the Mediterranean type but differs in the nose which is long and convex. Skin color is of light. They have always been concentrated in Asia Minor and Arabia from where they must have come to India. Their typical representatives are in Punjab, Rajputana and Western Uttar Pradesh.
5. Western Brachycephals:
it is believed that more than one type of broad headed ethnic type entered into the compositions of Indian people. They can be distinguished into three types:
(a) Alpinoid: Characteristics of this type include brad head with rounded occiput, prominent nose and round face. Their complexion is lighter than that found among Mediterranean. Body and facial hair are plentiful. Body is strongly built. They are represented by Bania of Gujarat, the Kathi of Kathiwar and the Kayasthas of Bengal etc.
(b) Dinaric: They are taller in stature with dark skin, hair and eye color. They are characterized by broad head, with rounded occiput and high vault. Nose is very long and often convex. Face is long with forehead receding. This type is well represented in Bengal, Orissa and Coorg. These typical representatives include Bengali Brahmins and Kanarese Brahmins of Mysore.
(c) Armenoid: They show strong similarity with Dinaric. They, however, are characterized by broad head, narrow nose with depressed tip. Their occiput is more marked and nose more prominent than the Dinarics. Tawny white skin color and they are short to medium stature. Parsis of Bombay are typical representatives. Besides Bengali Baidyas and Kayasthas exhibit features.
6. Nordic:
They are believed to have come from Central Asia, Turkistan or a little west of the region. They entered India through North-west and settled in Punjab (2000 B.C). They are characterized by long head with arched forehead and protruding occiput. Their face is long with strong jaw; nose is fine, straight and narrow. Moderate to tall stature with robust body built and fair complexion. Their eyes have bluish or greyish tinge.,
The human race is one of the most diverse species on Earth. There are many different races and ethnicities, each with its own unique culture and history. In this ARTICLE, we will explore some of the different races and ethnicities that make up the human race.
Africans are the people who are native to the continent of Africa. They have a rich and diverse history, dating back to the earliest days of human civilization. Africans are a diverse group, with many different languages and cultures. Some of the most well-known African cultures include the Maasai, the Zulu, and the Yoruba.
Asians are the people who are native to the continent of Asia. They are the largest race in the world, with over 4 billion people. Asians are a diverse group, with many different languages and cultures. Some of the most well-known Asian cultures include Chinese, Japanese, and Indian.
Europeans are the people who are native to the continent of Europe. They are a diverse group, with many different languages and cultures. Some of the most well-known European cultures include British, French, and German.
Indigenous Australians are the people who are native to the continent of Australia. They have a rich and diverse history, dating back to the earliest days of human civilization. Indigenous Australians are a diverse group, with many different languages and cultures. Some of the most well-known Indigenous Australian cultures include the Aboriginal people and the Torres Strait Islanders.
Indigenous Americans are the people who are native to the Americas. They have a rich and diverse history, dating back to the earliest days of human civilization. Indigenous Americans are a diverse group, with many different languages and cultures. Some of the most well-known Indigenous American cultures include the Navajo, the Apache, and the Sioux.
Indigenous Canadians are the people who are native to the country of Canada. They have a rich and diverse history, dating back to the earliest days of human civilization. Indigenous Canadians are a diverse group, with many different languages and cultures. Some of the most well-known Indigenous Canadian cultures include the First Nations, the Métis, and the Inuit.
Indigenous Mexicans are the people who are native to the country of Mexico. They have a rich and diverse history, dating back to the earliest days of human civilization. Indigenous Mexicans are a diverse group, with many different languages and cultures. Some of the most well-known Indigenous Mexican cultures include the Maya, the Aztec, and the Zapotec.
Indigenous New Zealanders are the people who are native to the country of New Zealand. They have a rich and diverse history, dating back to the earliest days of human civilization. Indigenous New Zealanders are a diverse group, with many different languages and cultures. Some of the most well-known Indigenous New Zealand cultures include the Maori and the Moriori.
Indigenous Pacific Islanders are the people who are native to the Pacific Islands. They have a rich and diverse history, dating back to the earliest days of human civilization. Indigenous Pacific Islanders are a diverse group, with many different languages and cultures. Some of the most well-known Indigenous Pacific Islander cultures include the Samoans, the Tongans, and the Fijians.
Middle Easterners are the people who are native to the Middle East. They are a diverse group, with many different languages and cultures. Some of the most well-known Middle Eastern cultures include Arabic, Persian, and Turkish.
South Americans are the people who are native to the continent of South America. They are a diverse group, with many different languages and cultures. Some of the most well-known South American cultures include Brazilian, Colombian, and Peruvian.
Others are the people who do not fit into any of the above categories. They may be people who are mixed race, or they may be people who come from a country that is not listed above.
The human race is a diverse and fascinating group. We come from all over the world, and we have a rich and varied history. We should celebrate our differences, and we should learn from each other.
What is the difference between a race and an ethnicity?
A race is a social construct that groups people based on shared physical characteristics, such as skin color, hair texture, and eye shape. An ethnicity is a social construct that groups people based on shared cultural characteristics, such as language, religion, and customs.
What are the different races in the world?
There is no scientific consensus on how many races there are in the world. Some people believe that there are three main races: Caucasian, Negroid, and Mongoloid. Others believe that there are many more races, or that race is a social construct and does not exist in a biological sense.
What are the different ethnicities in the world?
There are thousands of different ethnicities in the world. Some of the most common ethnicities include Han Chinese, Arab, Indian, and European.
What is racism?
Racism is a system of oppression that privileges one race over another. It is based on the belief that one race is superior to another, and it can manifest itself in many different ways, such as discrimination, prejudice, and violence.
What is discrimination?
Discrimination is the unfair treatment of a person or group of people based on their race, ethnicity, or other personal characteristics. It can take many forms, such as verbal abuse, physical violence, and institutional discrimination.
What is prejudice?
Prejudice is a negative Attitude towards a person or group of people based on their race, ethnicity, or other personal characteristics. It is often based on stereotypes and ignorance.
What is violence?
Violence is the use of physical force against another person or group of people. It can be used to intimidate, harm, or kill. Violence against people of color is a serious problem in many parts of the world.
What is institutional discrimination?
Institutional discrimination is discrimination that is embedded in the laws, policies, and practices of institutions, such as schools, workplaces, and government agencies. It can make it difficult for people of color to access Education, EMPLOYMENT, and other opportunities.
What are the effects of racism?
Racism can have a devastating impact on the lives of people of color. It can lead to POVERTY, Unemployment, poor Health, and violence. It can also damage self-esteem and create feelings of isolation and despair.
What can be done to combat racism?
There are many things that can be done to combat racism. Some of the most important include education, awareness-raising, and advocacy. It is also important to challenge racism when we see it, and to support organizations that are working to fight racism.
What is the future of race relations?
The future of race relations is uncertain. However, there is reason to be hopeful. There is a growing awareness of the problem of racism, and there is a growing movement to combat it. If we continue to work together, we can create a more just and equitable world for all people.
Sure, here are some multiple choice questions about the following topics without mentioning the topic “Human Races”:
-
Which of the following is not a continent?
(A) Africa
(B) Asia
(C) Europe
(D) America
(E) Australia -
Which of the following is the largest ocean in the world?
(A) Pacific Ocean
(B) Atlantic Ocean
(C) Indian Ocean
(D) Arctic Ocean
(E) Antarctic Ocean -
Which of the following is the longest river in the world?
(A) Nile River
(B) Amazon River
(C) Yangtze River
(D) Mississippi River
(E) Yellow River -
Which of the following is the highest mountain in the world?
(A) Mount Everest
(B) K2
(C) Kangchenjunga
(D) Lhotse
(E) Makalu -
Which of the following is the largest country in the world by area?
(A) Russia
(B) Canada
(C) China
(D) United States
(E) Brazil -
Which of the following is the most populous country in the world?
(A) China
(B) India
(C) United States
(D) Indonesia
(E) Pakistan -
Which of the following is the most spoken language in the world?
(A) Mandarin Chinese
(B) Spanish
(C) English
(D) Hindi
(E) Arabic -
Which of the following is the most popular religion in the world?
(A) Christianity
(B) Islam
(C) Hinduism-2/”>Hinduism
(D) Buddhism-2/”>Buddhism
(E) Judaism -
Which of the following is the most common form of government in the world?
(A) Democracy
(B) Republic
(C) Monarchy
(D) Dictatorship
(E) Theocracy -
Which of the following is the most common type of economy in the world?
(A) Market economy
(B) Command economy
(C) Mixed Economy
(D) Traditional economy
(E) Gift economy
I hope these questions were helpful!