Horticulture in Nagaland

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Horticulture-2/”>Horticulture in Nagaland

The total area covered by horticultural crops in the state has been estimated at 42897 ha (2008-09). The fruits grown in the state range from tropical and sub-tropical fruits like banana, papaya, pineapple and citrus to temperate fruits like apple, pear, peach, plum, strawberry and even certain nut fruits. The state has rich diversity of different Vegetable Crops and both indigenous tropical vegetables and temperate vegetables are grown to a considerable extent. The major vegetables grown in the region are cabbage, cauliflower, tomato, knol-khol, radish, carrot, French bean and different cucurbitaceous crops. Among the flowering Plants anthurium, roses, lillium, alstromeria, heliconia, and zantedeschia are introduced in the state. Tuber and rhizomatous crops like sweet potato, colocasia, ginger and turmeric grow abundantly in the state, while Plantation Crops like cashew nut, black pepper have been introduced recently in the state. Apart from these, underutilized crops like passion fruit, kiwi fruit, chow-chow and others are grown in some areas.

Land Holding and Land Use Pattern

The horticultural practices in state is still primitive and yet to see modernization and mechanization. 38% of the total area cultivated in the State falls under jhum and only 4% falls under permanent and Irrigation fields. With the total area of about 16, 57,900 hectares of land, about 80% falls under hilly terrain and only 20% comes under gentle slope and plain area and only 2.59 % of the total area is under horticulture. Due to repeated jhuming of short duration cycle in the hills, the Soil is subjected to heavy soil erosion as a result of which the fields are reduced and soil become very poor. Therefore, in order to bring this jhum land into Horticulture Development, it is proposed to bring more area under Area Expansion for Horticultural crops in order to convert the hilly areas into a settled permanent cultivation like fruits, vegetables, flowers, medicinal & aromatic plants.

Decadal Growth of horticulture in Nagaland 

The total area under horticultural crops (fruits & vegetables) in the state is around 42.9 thousand hectare, which is around 2.59 % of the total geographical area of the state and it gives a total production of 327.13 thousand tones with a productivity of 7.63 t/ ha. The area under fruits has been increased from 13.6 thousand hectares in 1996-97 to 19.27 thousand hectares during 2008-09 with a production of 168.9 and 191.32 thousand tones respectively. However, the area under vegetables has decreased during the same period. Under Horticulture Technology Mission cultivation of citrus, pineapple, passion fruit and banana through area expansion has been promoted by the Department of Horticulture, Govt. of Nagaland during 2004-10. Besides, mango, litchi, kiwi is focused during 2009- 10. Under integrated development of horticultural crops, The Horticulture Department, Govt. of Nagaland has covered 137 ha of large cardamom, 57 ha of passion fruit, 144 ha of citrus, 57 ha of betel vine, 56 ha of pineapple, 28 ha of cashew, 28 ha of ginger, and 49 ha of kiwifruit. The floriculture is gaining popularity in the state. However, this sector is basically based in urban areas of the state. During 2009-10, anthurium, roses, lillium alstromeria, heliconia, gerbera, and zantedeschia were grown in Hi-tech green houses in 4 districts of the state.

State horticulture nursery

The State Horticulture Nursery initiated series of developmental activities mainly focused on maintenance of accredited nurseries. The Year wise calendars of farm operations were actively executed as per the requirement of the crop under different progeny mother blocks. Besides farm developments and operations, the SHN have conducted several trainings and Farm visits for students and visitors from within and outside the state. Recently, under MIDH (CSS), the first ever Hi-Tech Nursery in the state also known as Semi-Automated Vegetable Seedling Production Unit was successfully installed and inaugurated by Shri. Jalaj Shrivastava (IAS), Additional Secretary, DAC & FW, Ministry of agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare Govt. of India. The Hi-Tech production unit has the capacity to produce 70,000 quality seedlings per unit batch which will serve as a boon to the farming community of the district.

Coconut Development Board

Coconut Development Board is a statutory body established by the Government of India for the integrated development of coconut production and utilization in the country with focus on productivity increase and product diversification. The Board functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India. The aim of the Coconut Development Board (CDB) is to assist the coconut farmers in coconut production, processing, Marketing and export of value-added coconut products.

The foot-hill belts of Nagaland, specially bordering Assam having sub-tropical type of climates with adequate rainfall is ideal for coconut plantation. The survey conducted by the Coconut Development Board, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India had found about 15000 Ha. of land extending from Jalukie Area in Peren district to Tizit Valley area in Mon district suitable for Coconut plantation consisting of seven districts of the state.

Adoptive trials of Coconut plantation in these areas had proved successful. The farmers had also realized the beneficial of coconut plantation which has got high market demand and high cost returns and thus the demands for coconut seedlings are increasing year after year in the state. Under Horticulture Development programme, the Department is keeping a provision for procurement of Coconut seedling, inputs for development of the following district of Dimapur, Peren, Wokha, Mokokchung, Mon, Kohima and Longleng in the foothill area adjacent to Assam. During 2017-18, CDB had sanctioned an amount of Rs. 53.575 lakhs for coconut plantation and development related schemes in seven (7) districts of Nagaland.

Dragon Fruit cultivation

Dragon Fruit is famous in Thailand, Vietnam, Israel and Sri Lanka. In India, commercial cultivation of this fruit is picking up and in Nagaland some farmers and fruit lovers have initiated its cultivation.  The Dream Dragon Fruit Farm at Shitovi village in Dimapur district is the first farm where exotic Dragon Fruit is produced and sold by demand only. Ms. Lucy Ngullie Thomas has been growing Red, White and Yellow Dragon Fruits since 2013 besides other exotic fruits. The 5 hectares Dream Dragon Fruit Farm is well maintained and adopts all technical cultural practices. This is the only dragon fruit farm in the state which has healthy and well maintained Mother Plants of Red and White varieties producing cuttings for sales and propagation. The Dream Dragon Fruit Farm is an Accredited Nursery with 1 Star rating by the accrediting authority under Central Institute of Horticulture (CIH) and the owner is now capable to produce and sell dragon fruit cuttings to interested farmers throughout the country.,

Nagaland is a state in north-eastern India. It is bordered by the states of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh to the north, Manipur to the south, and Myanmar to the east. The capital of Nagaland is Kohima.

Nagaland has a tropical Climate with a monsoon season from June to September. The Average temperature ranges from 15°C to 30°C. The soil in Nagaland is mostly acidic and sandy.

The main crops grown in Nagaland are rice, maize, millet, and pulses. Other important crops include vegetables, fruits, and spices.

Horticultural practices in Nagaland vary depending on the crop being grown. However, some common practices include the use of organic manure, Crop Rotation, and Intercropping.

The main markets for horticultural products in Nagaland are the local markets and the State Government‘s marketing board. The main marketing channels for horticultural products are the wholesale markets, the retail markets, and the export markets.

The government of Nagaland has a number of policies and regulations in place to promote horticulture. These policies include the provision of subsidies, the provision of extension Services, and the promotion of research and development.

There is a number of research and extension institutions in Nagaland that are involved in horticulture. These institutions include the Nagaland Agricultural University, the Nagaland Horticultural Research Station, and the Nagaland State Seed Certification Agency.

There are a number of educational institutions in Nagaland that offer courses in horticulture. These institutions include the Nagaland University, the Kohima College, and the Dimapur College.

Horticulture has a number of socioeconomic impacts in Nagaland. These impacts include the generation of EMPLOYMENT, the increase in income, and the improvement in the standard of living.

Horticulture also has a number of environmental impacts in Nagaland. These impacts include the loss of Biodiversity-2/”>Biodiversity, the pollution of water Resources, and the degradation of soil.

The future prospects for horticulture in Nagaland are bright. The state has a number of advantages, including a favorable climate, fertile soil, and a skilled workforce. With the right policies and investments, horticulture can play a major role in the Economic Development of Nagaland.

Here are some additional details on each of the subtopics:

  • Climate and soil: Nagaland has a tropical climate with a monsoon season from June to September. The average temperature ranges from 15°C to 30°C. The soil in Nagaland is mostly acidic and sandy.
  • Crops: The main crops grown in Nagaland are rice, maize, millet, and pulses. Other important crops include vegetables, fruits, and spices.
  • Horticultural practices: Horticultural practices in Nagaland vary depending on the crop being grown. However, some common practices include the use of organic manure, crop rotation, and intercropping.
  • Markets and marketing: The main markets for horticultural products in Nagaland are the local markets and the state government’s marketing board. The main marketing channels for horticultural products are the wholesale markets, the retail markets, and the export markets.
  • Policy and regulation: The government of Nagaland has a number of policies and regulations in place to promote horticulture. These policies include the provision of subsidies, the provision of extension services, and the promotion of research and development.
  • Research and extension: There is a number of research and extension institutions in Nagaland that are involved in horticulture. These institutions include the Nagaland Agricultural University, the Nagaland Horticultural Research Station, and the Nagaland State Seed Certification Agency.
  • Education and training: There are a number of educational institutions in Nagaland that offer courses in horticulture. These institutions include the Nagaland University, the Kohima College, and the Dimapur College.
  • Socioeconomic impacts: Horticulture has a number of socioeconomic impacts in Nagaland. These impacts include the generation of employment, the increase in income, and the improvement in the standard of living.
  • Environmental impacts: Horticulture also has a number of environmental impacts in Nagaland. These impacts include the loss of biodiversity, the pollution of Water Resources, and the degradation of soil.
  • Future prospects: The future prospects for horticulture in Nagaland are bright. The state has a number of advantages, including a favorable climate, fertile soil, and a skilled workforce. With the right policies and investments, horticulture can play a major role in the economic development of Nagaland.

What is horticulture?
Horticulture is the science and art of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants. It includes the cultivation of plants for food, fiber, and ornamental purposes.

What are the different types of horticulture?
There are many different types of horticulture, including:
* Fruit and vegetable horticulture: This type of horticulture focuses on the cultivation of fruits and vegetables.
* Ornamental horticulture: This type of horticulture focuses on the cultivation of flowers and other ornamental plants.
* Landscape horticulture: This type of horticulture focuses on the design and maintenance of landscapes.
* Nursery horticulture: This type of horticulture focuses on the production and sale of plants.
* Greenhouse horticulture: This type of horticulture focuses on the cultivation of plants in greenhouses.

What are the benefits of horticulture?
There are many benefits to horticulture, including:
* It provides food for people. Horticulture is a major source of food for people around the world.
* It provides fiber for clothing and other products. Many plants, such as Cotton and flax, are grown for their fiber.
* It provides ornamental plants for beauty and enjoyment. Many people enjoy growing flowers and other ornamental plants in their gardens.
* It provides jobs for people. The horticulture Industry employs millions of people around the world.
* It helps to improve the Environment. Horticulture can help to improve air quality, reduce soil erosion, and provide habitat for wildlife.

What are the challenges of horticulture?
There are some challenges to horticulture, including:
* Pests and diseases can damage plants. Pests and diseases can damage plants, making it difficult to grow them successfully.
* Weather conditions can affect plant growth. Weather conditions, such as droughts and floods, can affect plant growth and make it difficult to produce a good crop.
* Soil conditions can affect plant growth. Soil conditions, such as poor drainage or high salinity, can affect plant growth and make it difficult to produce a good crop.
* Labor costs can be high. The cost of labor can be high, especially in developed countries.
* The cost of inputs, such as fertilizer and pesticides, can be high. The cost of inputs, such as fertilizer and pesticides, can be high, which can make it difficult to produce a profitable crop.

What is the future of horticulture?
The future of horticulture is bright. The global demand for food is increasing, and horticulture is a sustainable way to produce food. In addition, the demand for ornamental plants is increasing, and horticulture is a way to provide people with beauty and enjoyment.

  1. Which of the following is not a type of horticulture?
    (A) Floriculture
    (B) Pomology
    (C) Horticulture in Nagaland
    (D) Olericulture

  2. Which of the following is the most important horticultural crop in Nagaland?
    (A) Oranges
    (B) Pineapples
    (C) Tea
    (D) Coffee

  3. Which of the following is not a benefit of horticulture?
    (A) It provides food and income for people.
    (B) It helps to conserve the environment.
    (C) It can be used to create beautiful landscapes.
    (D) It is a very labor-intensive industry.

  4. Which of the following is not a challenge facing horticulture in Nagaland?
    (A) The climate is not ideal for all crops.
    (B) There is a shortage of skilled workers.
    (C) The market for horticultural products is limited.
    (D) The government does not provide enough support for the industry.

  5. Which of the following is the best way to promote horticulture in Nagaland?
    (A) The government should provide more support for the industry.
    (B) Farmers should be encouraged to grow more horticultural crops.
    (C) Consumers should be educated about the benefits of eating horticultural products.
    (D) All of the above.

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