Horticulture Development

Horticulture-2/”>Horticulture-development/”>Special Promotional Programme For Horticulture Development

Definition of Horticulture:

Horticulture may be broadly defined as the Science and art of growing fruits, vegetables and flowers and crops like spices condiments and other Plantation Crops.
It is a science of cultivation of Garden Plants.
The word Horticulture in derived from the Latin word Hortus meaning enclosure (garden) and culture – meaning, cultivation,. Thus Horticulture mans culture or cultivation of garden crops.

Branches of Horticulture:

Horticultural Science is the most distinct branch of Agricultural Sciences and call be divided into four different branches as follow.

Main Branches:

Pamology– It deals with cultivation of fruit crops.
Olericulture- It deals with cultivation of Vegetable Crops
Floriculture- It deals with cultivation of ornamental flowers and land scaping.
Fruit and
vegetable preservation- It deals with the principles of fruit and vegetable preservation

Sub Branches:

Plantation and Medicinal plants.
Ornamental Gardening
Landscape gardening and
Nursery plant production

Mission for integrated development of horticulture (MIDH)

Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH) is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme for the holistic Growth of the horticulture sector covering fruits, vegetables, root & tuber crops, mushrooms, spices, flowers, aromatic plants, coconut, cashew, cocoa and bamboo.
While Government of India (GOI) contributes 85% of total outlay for developmental programmes in all the states except the states in North East and Himalayas, 15% share is contributed by State Governments.
In the case of North Eastern States and Himalayan States, GOI contribution is 100%. Similarly, for development of bamboo and programmes of National Horticulture Board (NHB), Coconut Development Board (CDB), Central Institute for Horticulture (CIH), Nagaland and the National Level Agencies (NLA), GOI contribution will be 100%.

MISSION OBJECTIVES

Main objectives of the Mission are:

Promote holistic growth of horticulture sector, including bamboo and coconut through area based regionally differentiated strategies, which includes research, technology promotion, extension, post harvest management, processing and Marketing, in consonance with comparative advantage of each State/region and its diverse agro-climatic features;
Encourage aggregation of farmers into farmer groups like FIGs/FPOs and FPCs to bring economy of scale and scope.
Enhance horticulture production, augment farmers, income and strengthen nutritional security;
Improve productivity by way of quality germplasm, planting material and water use efficiency through Micro Irrigation.
Support Skill development and create EMPLOYMENT generation opportunities for rural youth in horticulture and post harvest management, especially in the cold chain sector.

National Horticulture Board (NHB)

National Horticulture Board (NHB) was set up by Government of India in April 1984 on the basis of recommendations of the “Group on Perishable Agricultural Commodities”, headed by Dr M. S. Swaminathan, the then Member (agriculture), Planning Commission, Government of India.
The NHB is registered as a Society under the Societies Registration Act 1860, with its headquarters at Gurgaon.

Aims & Objectives of NHB Schemes

The main objectives of the NHB are to improve integrated development of Horticulture Industry and to help in coordinating, sustaining the production and processing of fruits and vegetables. Detailed objectives of the Board are as under:-

Development of hi-tech commercial horticulture in identified belts and make such areas vibrant with horticultural activity, which in turn will act as hubs for development of horticulture.
Development of modern post-harvest management Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE as an integral part of area expansion projects or as common facility for cluster of projects.
Development of integrated, energy efficient cold chain infrastructure for fresh horticulture produce.
Popularization of identified new technologies / tools / techniques for commercialization / adoption, after carrying out technology and need assessment.
Assistance in securing availability of quality planting material by promoting setting up of scion and root stock banks / mother plant nurseries and carrying out accreditation / rating of horticulture nurseries and need based imports of planting material.
Promotion and market development of fresh horticulture produce.
Promotion of field trials of newly developed/imported planting materials and other farm inputs; production technology; PHM protocols, INM and IPM protocols and promotion of applied R&D programmes for commercialization of proven technology.
Promotion of Farm Mechanization in Horticulture through demonstration and its uses at farmers field level to reduce labour cost and increase the productivity of Horticulture crops.
Promotion of applied R & D for standardizing PHM protocols, prescribing critical storage conditions for fresh horticulture produce, bench marking of technical standards for cold chain infrastructure etc.
Transfer of technology to producers/farmers and service providers such as gardeners, nurserymen, farm level skilled workers, operators in cold storages, work force carrying out post harvest management including processing of fresh horticulture produce and to the master trainers.
Promotion of consumption of horticulture produce and products.
Promoting long distance transport solution for bulk movement of horticulture produce through rail etc.
Carrying out studies and surveys to identify constraints and develop short and long term strategies for systematic development of horticulture and providing technical Services including advisory and consultancy services.

Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture in North East and Himalayan States

Centrally Sponsored Scheme on Technology Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture in North East and Himalayan States has been renamed as Horticulture Mission for North East and Himalayan States (HMNEH) during 2010-11.
The scheme is being implemented in a mission mode with an end-to-end approach which includes development and introduction of high yielding varieties and technologies, expansvion of area, post harvest handling and management, marketing, value addition and processing of horticulture produce with following four Mini Missions, namely:
Mini Mission I – Research: Coordinated and implemented by Indian Council of Agricultural Research. This Mini Mission concentrates on technology generation appropriate to the region. Major components under MM-I are supply of basic seed and planting material, technology standardization, refinement, on farm demonstration and training.
Mini Mission ii – Production and Productivity : Coordinated by Department of Agriculture & Cooperation and implemented by State Departments of Horticulture/ Agriculture. This mini mission aims at increasing production and productivity of Horticulture crops by adoption of improved production Technologies.
Mini Mission iii – Post-Harvest Management and Marketing : Coordinated by Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, implemented by Directorate of Marketing & Inspection and National Horticulture Board. This Mini Mission aims for efficient post-harvest management, techniques, which include development of cold storage facilities, efficient transport and marketing facilities.
Mini Mission IV – Processing: Coordinated and implemented by Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India. This Mini Mission aims at promoting processing industry for value addition to Horticultural produce by promoting new processing units and up gradation of existing units.

Coconut Development Board (CDB)

Coconut Development Board (CDB) is a statutory body established under the Ministry of Agriculture of the Government of India for the integrated development of coconut and coconut-related products.
Coconut Development Board is a statutory body established by the Government of India for the integrated development of coconut production and utilization in the country with focus on productivity increase and product diversification.
The Board which came into existence on 12 January 1981, functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, with its Headquarters at Kochi in Kerala and Regional Offices at Bangalore in Karnataka, Chennai in Tamil Nadu and Guwahati in Assam.
There are six State Centres situated at Bhubaneswar in Orissa, Calcutta in West Bengal, Patna in Bihar, Thane in Maharashtra, Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh and Port Blair in the Union Territory of Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
The Board has 9 Demonstration cum Seed Production (DSP) Farms in different locations of the country and now 7 farms are maintained.
A Market Development cum Information Centre has established in Delhi. The Board has set up a Technology Development Centre at Vazhakulam near Aluva in Kerala.

CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF HORTICULTURE

Recognizing the importance for institutional support for development of horticulture in NE Region, Government of India has sanctioned a Central Sector Scheme for setting up of Central Institute of Horticulture in Nagaland during January, 2006. The financial outlay for the setting up of Institute over a period of 5 years is Rs.20 crores.
The Institute is being set up at Medziphema in an area of 43.50 ha, which is situated at 35 kms. from Dimapur and 45 kms. from Kohima city on National Highway 39.
It has an elevation ranging from 250 to 300 metres having temperature between 12 to 35 degree centigrade and Average rainfall of 2500 mm.
The area has low hilly terrains with good Soil suitable for growing most of the sub tropical horticultural crops. The objectives and the identified programmes of the Institute are as given below:

Objectives of the Institute

The main objective of the Institute is to support horticulture development in the N.E. region through:

Capacity building by training of trainers, extension officers, farmers, entrepreneurs, processors and exporters,
Demonstration of improved technologies such as use of improved varieties / hybrids, adoption of INM / IPM practices, Hi-tech farming, precision farming, protected cultivation, post harvest technology, etc, and
Follow-on extension support in the field of horticulture.
Promotion of organic cultivation of horticultural crops.
Establishing convergence and synergy among programmes in the field of horticultural research and development.
monitoring of Centrally sponsored programmes in the area of horticulture

National Horticulture Mission

Structure of the National Horticulture Mission

Minister of agriculture is the chairman of this mission and Ministers of Commerce, Health, Finance, Food Processing Industries, Panchayati Raj, Science & Technology, Rural Development, Micro, Small and Medium enterprises are its members.

Covered Components

It works on “Cluster Basis’. This means that the designated authority at the district level would choose a cluster of minimum 100 hectares, seek necessary approval & sanction and utilize the Money under the programme -with the aim of achieving the desired goals.
These goals are achieved by deploying modern and hi-tech interventions and duly ensuring backward and forward linkages. A Cluster, as contemplated in the NHM, comprises area of not less than 100 hectares under a horticulture crop.
The intervention is done in the following components

Plantation Infrastructure and Development-Nurseries, Tissue Culture labs

The support is available for setting up a nursery for producing quality plant material. However, nursery should be minimum with 1 hectare in area.
The mission does not support establish the new Tissue Culture (TC) units.
However, assistance is provided for rehabilitation/ strengthening of existing TC Units subject to a maximum ceiling of Rs.8.00 lakhs in Public sector and Rs.4.00 lakhs for Private sector

Establishment of New Gardens

The farmers can get assistance for 3 years for development of a new garden of a horticulture crop.

Rejuvenation of Old and Senile Orchards

NHM provides support for rejuvenating senile plantations @ 50% of the cost subject to a maximum ceiling of Rs.15, 000/- per ha limited to 2 ha per beneficiary.

Other Support Areas

Integrated Pest Management/Integrated Nutrient Management
Protected Cultivation
Organic Farming
Pollination Support through Bee keeping
Creation of Water Sources
Mechanization
HRD ( such as at Krishi Vigyan Kendra)
Post Harvest Management
Marketing
Primary Processing
Contract Farming
Mushroom Cultivation
Precision Farming

Role of Agencies in the National Horticulture Mission

National Horticulture Board (NHB), Gurgaon: NHB at Gurgaon houses the national level Technology Support Group or TSG.
Directorate of Cashew and Cocoa Development (DCCD), Kochi: Responsible for plantation crops, other than coconut and areca nut.
Directorate of Arecanut and Spices Development (DASD), Calicut: Responsible for areca nut, spices, and aromatic plants.
National Committee on Plasticulture Applications in Horticulture (NCPAH), New Delhi: Responsible for precision farming and hitech horticulture through Precision Farming Development Centres (PFDCs).
Coconut Development Board (CDB), Kochi: Coconut based Intercropping of vegetables etc.
Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), New Delhi: Development of AgriExport Zones (AEZ) for horticultural crops.
Directorate of Marketing & Inspection (DMI), New Delhi: Providing market intelligence and monitoring of programmes relating to marketing of horticulture crops.
Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MFPI), New Delhi: Processing of horticultural produce, out of their own budget provision. MFPI will ensure convergence of their schemes with NHM cluster.
National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB), New Delhi: Development of medicinal plants in coordination with NHM.
National Horticulture Research & Development Foundation (NHRDF), Nasik: Vegetables and vegetable seeds.

Horticulture is the science and art of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants. It is a branch of agriculture that deals with the cultivation of plants for human use. Horticulture includes the following subtopics:

Horticultural Crops
- Fruits
  - Apple
  - Banana
  - Grapes
  - Mango
  - Orange
  - Papaya
  - Pineapple
  - Strawberry
- Vegetables
  - Cabbage
  - Carrot
  - Cauliflower
  - Cucumber
  - Eggplant
  - Onion
  - Potato
  - Tomato
- Flowers
  - Rose
  - Lily
  - Orchid
  - Tulip
  - Jasmine
  - Chrysanthemum
Horticultural Practices
- Planting
  - Seeding
  - Transplanting
- Fertilization
  - Organic fertilization
  - Inorganic fertilization
- Irrigation
  - Drip Irrigation
  - Sprinkler Irrigation
  - Surface irrigation
- Pest Control
  - Biological control
  - Chemical control
  - Cultural control
- Harvesting
  - Hand harvesting
  - Mechanical harvesting
- Post-harvest handling
  - Grading
  - Packaging
  - Storage
  - Transportation
Horticultural Economics
- Market analysis
  - Demand analysis
  - Supply analysis
  - Price analysis
- Production costs
  - Land costs
  - Labor costs
  - Material costs
  - Overhead costs
- Marketing
  - Pricing
  - Promotion
  - Distribution
Horticultural Policy
- Government regulation
  - Food safety regulations
  - Environmental regulations
  - Trade regulations
- Research and development
  - New crop development
  - New pest control methods
  - New production technologies
- Extension and Education
  - Farmer training
  - Consumer education
Horticultural Ethics
- Sustainability
  - Water conservation
  - Soil conservation
  - Pest management
- Animal welfare
  - Humane treatment of Livestock
  - Humane treatment of Poultry
- Fair trade
  - Fair wages for farmers
  - Fair prices for consumers

Horticulture is a diverse field with many different subtopics. It is a science that is constantly evolving, with new research and developments being made all the time. Horticulture is a vital part of our food system, and it is a field that is sure to continue to grow in the years to come.

Here are some additional details on each of the subtopics:

Horticultural Crops

Horticultural crops are plants that are grown for their fruits, vegetables, flowers, or ornamental value. Some of the most common horticultural crops include apples, bananas, grapes, mangoes, oranges, papayas, pineapples, strawberries, cabbages, carrots, cauliflowers, cucumbers, eggplants, onions, potatoes, tomatoes, roses, lilies, orchids, tulips, jasmines, and chrysanthemums.

Horticultural Practices

Horticultural practices are the methods used to grow horticultural crops. These practices include planting, fertilization, irrigation, pest control, harvesting, and post-harvest handling.

Horticultural Economics

Horticultural economics is the study of the economic aspects of horticulture. This includes market analysis, production costs, marketing, and policy.

Horticultural Policy

Horticultural policy is the set of government regulations that affect horticulture. These regulations include food safety regulations, environmental regulations, and trade regulations.

Horticultural Research and Development

Horticultural research and development is the process of developing new horticultural crops, pest control methods, and production technologies.

Horticultural Extension and Education

Horticultural extension and education is the process of providing farmers and consumers with information about horticulture. This includes farmer training and consumer education.

Horticultural Ethics

Horticultural ethics is the study of the ethical aspects of horticulture. This includes sustainability, animal welfare, and fair trade.

Horticulture is a complex and fascinating field. It is a science that is constantly evolving, with new research and developments being made all the time. Horticulture is a vital part of our food system, and it is a field that is sure to continue to grow in the years to come.

What is horticulture?

Horticulture is the science and art of growing plants, especially fruits, vegetables, and flowers. It includes the cultivation of plants for food, ornamental purposes, and medicine.

What are the different types of horticulture?

There are many different types of horticulture, including:

Fruit and vegetable horticulture: This type of horticulture focuses on the cultivation of fruits and vegetables.
Ornamental horticulture: This type of horticulture focuses on the cultivation of plants for ornamental purposes, such as flowers, shrubs, and trees.
Landscape horticulture: This type of horticulture focuses on the design and maintenance of landscapes, including gardens, parks, and other outdoor spaces.
Horticultural therapy: This type of horticulture uses plants to improve the physical, mental, and emotional health of people.

What are the benefits of horticulture?

There are many benefits to horticulture, including:

It is a healthy activity. Horticulture can help to improve your physical health by providing you with exercise. It can also help to improve your mental health by reducing Stress and anxiety.
It is a sustainable activity. Horticulture can help to reduce your environmental impact by providing you with food and other products that you can grow yourself.
It is a creative activity. Horticulture can be a fun and rewarding way to express your creativity.
It is a social activity. Horticulture can be a great way to connect with other people who share your interests.

What are the challenges of horticulture?

There are some challenges associated with horticulture, including:

It can be time-consuming. Horticulture requires time and effort to maintain your plants.
It can be expensive. Horticulture can be expensive to get started, especially if you need to purchase equipment and supplies.
It can be difficult. Horticulture can be difficult to learn, especially if you are not familiar with plants.
It can be dangerous. Horticulture can be dangerous if you are not careful, especially if you are working with sharp tools or poisonous plants.

What are the future trends in horticulture?

The future of horticulture is bright. The demand for fruits, vegetables, and flowers is expected to increase in the coming years. This is due to the growing Population and the increasing demand for healthy and sustainable food. As a result, the demand for horticultural products is expected to increase.

In addition, the use of technology in horticulture is expected to increase. This is due to the development of new technologies, such as hydroponics and vertical farming. These technologies can help to increase the efficiency of horticulture and reduce the use of Resources.

Overall, the future of horticulture is bright. The demand for horticultural products is expected to increase, and the use of technology in horticulture is expected to increase.

Which of the following is not a type of horticulture?
(A) Floriculture
(B) Olericulture
(C) Horticulture Development
(D) Pomology
Which of the following is not a benefit of horticulture?
(A) Increased food production
(B) Improved air quality
(C) Reduced stress levels
(D) Horticulture Development
Which of the following is not a challenge of horticulture?
(A) Pests and diseases
(B) Weather conditions
(C) Labor shortages
(D) Horticulture Development
Which of the following is not a goal of horticulture?
(A) To increase food production
(B) To improve air quality
(C) To reduce stress levels
(D) Horticulture Development
Which of the following is not a way to improve horticulture?
(A) Using new technologies
(B) Developing new varieties of plants
(C) Educating the public about horticulture
(D) Horticulture Development
Which of the following is not a career in horticulture?
(A) Florist
(B) Landscaper
(C) Horticulturist
(D) Horticulture Development
Which of the following is not a tool used in horticulture?
(A) Trowel
(B) Shovel
(C) Hoe
(D) Horticulture Development
Which of the following is not a plant used in horticulture?
(A) Rose
(B) Tomato
(C) Apple
(D) Horticulture Development
Which of the following is not a place where horticulture is practiced?
(A) Garden
(B) Farm
(C) Greenhouse
(D) Horticulture Development
Which of the following is not a book about horticulture?
(A) The Complete Book of Gardening
(B) The Vegetable Gardener’s Bible
(C) The Oxford Companion to Gardens
(D) Horticulture Development