<<–2/”>a >a href=”https://exam.pscnotes.com/Horticulture-2/”>Horticulture
Plantation and Horticulture sector is one of the important sub sectors agriculture, having ample scope for expansion in the State of Jharkhand. The total area. occupied by various Plantation and Hoticulture (P&H) crop in the State is about 2.57 lakh ha., with an estimated total production of 37.85 lakh tones The share of P&H crops is 3.25% of total geographical area of 20 lakh ha and 14.21 % of net sown area of I 8.02 lakh ha.
The area and production and major P & H crops in the state (1998-99 status ) are as under.
S.NO Crops Area (ha) Production (in MT)
1 Mango 7153 85836
2 Banana 2580 51600
3 Guava 5030 60360
4 Litchi 1377 16524
5 Citrus 5377 53770
6 Other fruits 11386 113860
7 Vegetables 223595 3394888
8 Coconut 789 7890
Diffcrenit kinds of fruit crops are grown in Jharkhand. Considering the agro climatic suitability and future prospects. Government of Jharkhand, has programmed to implement various scheme / programmes for the promotion of this
sector, major thrust is being given for bringing additional area under various Plantation and Horticulture crops and enhancing the productivity of existing yielding crops.
S.NO District Percentage of Irrigated land of
Total Agriculture land
1 Godda 14.21
2 Dumka 9.47
3 Sahebganj ( pakur) 3.86
4 Deoghar 14.22
5 Dhanbad 2.08
6 Hazaribagn ( chatra ) 10.51
7 Giridih 6.99
8 Palamu(Garhwa) 24.25
9 Ranchi 6.12
10 Lohardagga 8.87
11 Gumla 2.45
12 E.singhbhum 5.0
13 W. singhbhum 4.0
Sources of Irrigation at Jharkhand
Canal 17.53%
Pond 19.07%
Tubewell 8.25%
Well 29.38%
Others 25.77%
Population explosion, the key factor for increased demand for food grains will be the challenge for our country in the 21st century. Inspite of rapid be strides in the development of agriculture, there is limitation to production of food grains from (he land Resources. Hence, the exploitation of vast Water Resources available in our country for Fisheries-2/”>Fisheries development assumes much significance Besides supply of protein rich food , fisheries sector has vast potential to provide EMPLOYMENT to people in rural areas and thus to unproved their socioeconomic condition . .This sector has high export potential also.
Jharkhand is endowed with vast impounded freshwater, resources in the farm tanks/ponds and reservoirs. These water bodies are yet to be exploited for commercial aquaculture. Thus, there is abundant scope for horizontal and vertical expansion of fish culture in this State. The different types of water resources available for development in the Stale are indicated in the Table below :
s.no type of water resources Number Area (ha)
1 Tanks/ponds 29.335 30300.07
2 Reservoirs 106 107351.00
3 Low lying areas 1038.90,
Horticulture is the science and art of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental Plants. It is a branch of agriculture that deals with the cultivation of plants for human use. Horticulture includes the following subtopics:
- Fruits
Fruits are the sweet and fleshy part of a plant that contains the seeds. They are an important part of the human diet, providing VITAMINS, Minerals, and fiber. Some common fruits grown in Jharkhand include apples, bananas, citrus fruits, mangoes, grapes, litchis, papayas, pineapples, sapotas, and strawberries.
- Vegetables
Vegetables are the edible parts of plants that are not fruits. They are an important source of vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Some common vegetables grown in Jharkhand include potatoes, tomatoes, onions, cauliflowers, cabbages, brinjals, chillies, okras, spinach, carrots, beans, and peas.
- Flowers
Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants. They are used for their beauty and fragrance. Some common flowers grown in Jharkhand include roses, jasmines, marigolds, lilies, orchids, chrysanthemums, sunflowers, and lotuses.
Irrigation is the artificial application of water to land to assist in the Growth of crops. It is an important part of agriculture in Jharkhand, where the Climate is dry and the rainfall is erratic. Some common methods of irrigation used in Jharkhand include Canal Irrigation, tubewell irrigation, rainwater harvesting, Drip Irrigation, micro-irrigation, and Sprinkler Irrigation.
Canal irrigation is the most common method of irrigation in Jharkhand. It involves the construction of canals to carry water from rivers or reservoirs to fields. The water is then released from the canals into the fields through a system of sluices and gates.
Tubewell irrigation is a method of irrigation that uses tubewells to pump water from underground aquifers. Tubewells are typically installed in fields that are not located near canals. The water from the tubewells is then pumped into the fields through a system of pipes and sprinklers.
Rainwater harvesting is a method of collecting rainwater and storing it for later use. Rainwater can be collected from rooftops, paved surfaces, and other areas. The collected rainwater can then be used for irrigation, drinking water, or other purposes.
Drip irrigation is a method of irrigation that delivers water directly to the roots of plants. Drip irrigation systems use small pipes with emitters that deliver a small amount of water at a time. Drip irrigation is a very efficient method of irrigation, and it can save water and fertilizer.
Micro-irrigation is a method of irrigation that delivers water to plants through a Network of small pipes and emitters. Micro-irrigation is a very efficient method of irrigation, and it can save water and fertilizer.
Sprinkler irrigation is a method of irrigation that uses sprinklers to spray water onto crops. Sprinkler irrigation is a common method of irrigation in areas with hot, dry climates.
Horticulture and irrigation are important parts of the economy of Jharkhand. The state is a major producer of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. Irrigation is essential for the production of these crops. The State Government is promoting the development of horticulture and irrigation in order to increase agricultural production and improve the livelihoods of farmers.
Horticulture
Horticulture is the science and art of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants. It includes the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants, as well as the management of plant communities for aesthetic, environmental, or economic benefit.
Irrigation
Irrigation is the artificial application of water to land to assist in the growth of crops. It is usually used to supplement rainfall, but can also be used to grow crops in areas where rainfall is not sufficient. Irrigation can be used to grow a wide variety of crops, including fruits, vegetables, grains, and trees.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is horticulture?
Horticulture is the science and art of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants. It includes the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants, as well as the management of plant communities for aesthetic, environmental, or economic benefit.
What is irrigation?
Irrigation is the artificial application of water to land to assist in the growth of crops. It is usually used to supplement rainfall, but can also be used to grow crops in areas where rainfall is not sufficient. Irrigation can be used to grow a wide variety of crops, including fruits, vegetables, grains, and trees.
What are the benefits of horticulture?
Horticulture has many benefits, including:
- Increased food production: Horticulture can help to increase food production by providing a way to grow crops in areas where rainfall is not sufficient.
- Improved Nutrition: Horticulture can help to improve nutrition by providing a way to grow a variety of fruits, vegetables, and other crops.
- Increased employment: Horticulture can help to increase employment by providing jobs in the cultivation, processing, and Marketing of fruits, vegetables, and other crops.
- Improved environmental quality: Horticulture can help to improve environmental quality by reducing Soil erosion, improving water quality, and providing habitat for wildlife.
What are the challenges of horticulture?
Horticulture also has some challenges, including:
- Competition from other agricultural sectors: Horticulture competes with other agricultural sectors for land, water, and other resources.
- Pests and diseases: Horticultural crops are susceptible to a variety of pests and diseases, which can damage or destroy crops.
- Weather conditions: Horticultural crops are susceptible to changes in weather conditions, such as droughts, floods, and extreme temperatures.
- Economic factors: The price of horticultural crops is often volatile, which can make it difficult for farmers to make a profit.
What are the future trends in horticulture?
The future trends in horticulture are likely to include:
- Increased demand for fruits, vegetables, and other horticultural crops: The global population is growing, and this is likely to lead to an increased demand for fruits, vegetables, and other horticultural crops.
- Increased use of technology: Technology is likely to be used more in horticulture, such as in the use of irrigation systems, pest control, and harvesting.
- Increased focus on sustainability: There is likely to be an increased focus on sustainability in horticulture, such as in the use of organic Farming practices and the reduction of water use.
- Increased Globalization/”>Globalization-3/”>Globalization: Horticulture is likely to become more globalized, with more trade in horticultural products between countries.
Sure, here are some MCQs on the topics of horticulture and irrigation:
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Which of the following is not a type of horticulture?
(A) Crop production
(B) Floriculture
(C) Ornamental horticulture
(D) Irrigation -
Which of the following is the most important crop in Jharkhand?
(A) Rice
(B) Wheat
(C) Maize
(D) Jute -
Which of the following is the main source of irrigation in Jharkhand?
(A) Canals
(B) Wells
(C) Tanks
(D) Tube wells -
Which of the following is the main problem faced by farmers in Jharkhand?
(A) Lack of irrigation facilities
(B) Lack of good quality seeds
(C) Lack of pesticides and Fertilizers
(D) All of the above -
Which of the following is the main government agency responsible for horticulture in Jharkhand?
(A) Jharkhand Agricultural University
(B) Jharkhand Horticulture Department
(C) Jharkhand State Seeds Corporation
(D) Jharkhand State Cooperative Marketing Federation -
Which of the following is the main objective of the Jharkhand Horticulture Department?
(A) To promote the development of horticulture in the state
(B) To provide technical assistance to farmers
(C) To provide marketing assistance to farmers
(D) All of the above -
Which of the following is the main program of the Jharkhand Horticulture Department?
(A) Horticulture Development Programme
(B) National Horticulture Mission
(C) Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana
(D) All of the above -
Which of the following is the main achievement of the Jharkhand Horticulture Department?
(A) Increase in the area under horticulture
(B) Increase in the production of horticultural crops
(C) Increase in the income of farmers
(D) All of the above -
Which of the following is the main challenge faced by the Jharkhand Horticulture Department?
(A) Lack of funds
(B) Lack of manpower
(C) Lack of Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE
(D) All of the above -
Which of the following is the main way to overcome the challenges faced by the Jharkhand Horticulture Department?
(A) Increase in the budget allocation
(B) Increase in the number of staff
(C) Improvement of infrastructure
(D) All of the above