Growth of Communalism:-For RAS RTS Mains Exam and Ras Rts Prelims Examination

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  • Definition
    • Communalism is the belief that because a group of people follow a particular religion they have, as a result, common secular, that is, social, political and economic interests.
    • Second stage: Secular interests of followers of one religion are dissimilar and divergent from the interests of the followers of another religion
    • Third stage: The interests of the followers of different religions or of different religious communities are seen to be mutually incompatible, antagonistic and hostile.
  • Communalism is not a remnant of the medieval period. It has its roots in the modern colonial socio-economic political structure.
  • Divide and Rule
    • After 1857, British initially suppressed Indian muslims. However, after the publishing of Hunter’s book ‘The Indian Mussalman’ they actively followed the policy of divide and rule and hence started supporting the Muslims.
    • They promoted provincialism by talking of Bengal domination
    • Tired to use the caste structure to turn the non-brahmins against Brahmins and the lower caste against the higher castes.
    • It readily accepted communal leaders as authentic representatives of all their co-religionists.
  • Reasons for Growth of communal tendencies in Muslims
    • Relative backwardness: educationally and economically <incomplete>

    • Muslim League

    • 1906 by Aga Khan, the Nawab of Dhaka, and Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk
    • It made no critique of colonialism, supported the partition of Bengal and demanded special safeguards for the Muslims in government Services.
    • ML’s political activities were directed not against the foreign rulers but against the Hindus and the INC.
    • Their activities were not supported by all Muslims
      • Arhar movement was founded at this time under the Leadership of Maulana Mohamed Ali, Hakim Ajmal Khan, Hasan Imam, Maulana Zafar Ali Khan, and Mazhar-ul-Haq. They advocated participation in the militant nationalist movement.

    Muslim Nationalists

    • The war between Ottoman Empire and Italy created a wave of sympathy for Turkey
    • During the war between Ottoman empire and Italy, India sent a medical mission headed by MA Ansari to help Turkey.
    • As the British were not sympathetic to Turkey, the pro-Caliph sentiments in India became anti-British
    • However, the militant nationalists among muslims did not accept an entirely secular approach to politics
    • The most important issue they took up was not political independence but protection of the Turkish empire.
    • This approach did not immediately clash with Indian nationalism. However, in the long run it proved harmful as it encouraged the habit of looking at political questions from a religious view point.

    Hindu Communalism

    • Some Hindus accepted the colonial view of Indian history and talked about the tyrannical Muslim rule in the medieval period
    • Over language they said that Hindi was the language of Hindus and Urdu that of Muslims.
    • Punjab Hindu Sabha was founded in 1909. Its leaders attached the INC for trying to unite Indians into a single nation.
    • The first session of the All India Hindu Mahasabha was held in April 1915 under the presidentship of the Maharaja of Kasim Bazar.

    It however remained a weak organization because the colonial government gave it few concessions and little support

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    Communalism is a term used to describe the tendency for people to identify with their religious or ethnic group and to view members of other groups as a threat. It can lead to violence, discrimination, and the breakdown of social cohesion.

    Communalism has been a major problem in India for many years. The country is home to a diverse range of religious and ethnic groups, and there has been a long history of conflict between them. The partition of India in 1947, which led to the creation of the separate states of India and Pakistan, was a major turning point in the history of communalism in India. The violence that accompanied the partition left millions of people dead or displaced, and it created a deep sense of mistrust and animosity between Hindus and Muslims.

    In the years since independence, communal violence has erupted periodically in India. The most recent major outbreak of violence was in Gujarat in 2002, when more than 1,000 people, mostly Muslims, were killed.

    There are a number of factors that have contributed to the rise of communalism in India. One factor is the country’s history of religious conflict. The partition of India was a major trauma for the country, and it left a legacy of bitterness and resentment. Another factor is the role of religion in Indian politics. Hindu nationalist parties have played a major role in Indian politics since the 1980s, and they have often used communal rhetoric to mobilize support.

    The effects of communalism can be devastating. Communal violence can lead to death, injury, and displacement. It can also damage the economy and social fabric of a country. In addition, communalism can create a Climate of fear and intimidation, making it difficult for people to live together peacefully.

    There are a number of things that can be done to combat communalism. One important step is to promote Education and understanding about different religions and cultures. Another important step is to strengthen the Rule of Law and to ensure that those who incite communal violence are brought to Justice. Finally, it is important to build a more inclusive Society in which all people feel that they have a stake.

    The way forward to combat communalism is to promote Tolerance and understanding between different religious and ethnic groups. This can be done through education, dialogue, and interfaith initiatives. It is also important to address the root causes of communalism, such as POVERTY, inequality, and lack of opportunity. Finally, it is important to build a strong and inclusive Democracy that protects the rights of all citizens.

    Communalism is a serious problem that has the potential to destabilize India. However, it is a problem that can be solved through education, dialogue, and action. By promoting tolerance and understanding, and by addressing the root causes of communalism, India can build a more peaceful and inclusive society.

    What is communalism?

    Communalism is a form of social division based on religious beliefs. It is often characterized by hatred and violence between different religious groups.

    What are the causes of communalism?

    There are many factors that can contribute to the Growth of Communalism, including:

    • Religious differences: People who belong to different religions may have different beliefs and values, which can lead to conflict.
    • Economic inequality: When there is a large gap between the rich and the poor, it can create resentment and anger, which can lead to violence.
    • Political instability: When there is a lack of political stability, it can create a sense of insecurity and fear, which can lead to violence.
    • History of conflict: If there is a history of conflict between different religious groups, it can create a cycle of violence that is difficult to break.

    What are the effects of communalism?

    Communalism can have a devastating impact on society, including:

    • Loss of life: Communal violence can lead to the death of many people.
    • Displacement: Communal violence can force people to flee their homes and live in refugee camps.
    • Economic damage: Communal violence can damage property and businesses, leading to economic losses.
    • Social unrest: Communal violence can create a climate of fear and insecurity, which can lead to social unrest.

    How can communalism be prevented?

    There are a number of things that can be done to prevent the growth of communalism, including:

    • Promoting tolerance and understanding: It is important to promote tolerance and understanding between different religious groups. This can be done through education, interfaith dialogue, and other initiatives.
    • Addressing economic inequality: It is important to address economic inequality, which can be a root cause of communalism. This can be done through policies that promote Economic Development and social justice.
    • Strengthening democracy: It is important to strengthen democracy and the rule of law. This can help to prevent the abuse of power and the use of violence to achieve political goals.
    • Resolving historical conflicts: It is important to resolve historical conflicts between different religious groups. This can be done through dialogue, mediation, and other forms of conflict resolution.

    What is the role of the government in preventing communalism?

    The government has a responsibility to prevent communalism and protect its citizens from violence. This can be done through a number of measures, including:

    • Enforcing the law: The government must enforce the law and prosecute those who incite or commit violence.
    • Providing security: The government must provide security for its citizens and protect them from violence.
    • Promoting tolerance and understanding: The government must promote tolerance and understanding between different religious groups.
    • Addressing economic inequality: The government must address economic inequality, which can be a root cause of communalism.
    • Strengthening democracy: The government must strengthen democracy and the rule of law.

    What is the role of civil society in preventing communalism?

    Civil society organizations can play a vital role in preventing communalism. They can do this by:

    • Promoting tolerance and understanding: Civil society organizations can promote tolerance and understanding between different religious groups. This can be done through education, interfaith dialogue, and other initiatives.
    • Advocating for justice: Civil society organizations can advocate for justice for victims of communal violence. They can also work to hold those responsible for violence accountable.
    • Building peace: Civil society organizations can build peace between different religious groups. This can be done through dialogue, mediation, and other forms of conflict resolution.

    1. Which of the following is not a factor that contributed to the growth of communalism in India?
      (A) The partition of India
      (B) The rise of Hindu nationalism
      (C) The spread of Islam
      (D) The economic disparity between Hindus and Muslims

    2. Which of the following is not a consequence of the growth of communalism in India?
      (A) The rise of Hindu-Muslim riots
      (B) The decline of secular values
      (C) The weakening of the Indian state
      (D) The increase in religious intolerance

    3. Which of the following is the most effective way to address the problem of communalism in India?
      (A) To promote communal harmony through education and awareness campaigns
      (B) To enact laws that punish communal violence
      (C) To create a more equitable society that reduces economic disparities between Hindus and Muslims
      (D) To do all of the above

    4. Which of the following is not a true statement about the growth of communalism in India?
      (A) Communalism has been a major problem in India since the early 20th century.
      (B) The partition of India in 1947 was a major factor in the growth of communalism in India.
      (C) Hindu nationalism has been a major force in the growth of communalism in India.
      (D) The rise of Islamic fundamentalism has been a major factor in the growth of communalism in India.

    5. Which of the following is not a true statement about the consequences of communalism in India?
      (A) Communalism has led to the rise of Hindu-Muslim riots.
      (B) Communalism has led to the decline of secular values.
      (C) Communalism has led to the weakening of the Indian state.
      (D) Communalism has led to the increase in religious intolerance.

    6. Which of the following is the most effective way to address the problem of communalism in India?
      (A) To promote communal harmony through education and awareness campaigns.
      (B) To enact laws that punish communal violence.
      (C) To create a more equitable society that reduces economic disparities between Hindus and Muslims.
      (D) To do all of the above.

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