(a)Simon Commission:
The commission was torecommend to the Government whether India was ready for further constitutional reforms. It is also known as Indian statutory commission. It was set up by lord Birkenhead.
(b)Meerut Conspiracy:
Meerut Conspiracy was a controversial court case initiated in British India in March1929 and decided in 1933. Several trade unionists, including three Englishmen were arrested for organizing an Indian railway strike. The British Government convicted 33 leftist trade unionleaders under a false law suit.The Meerut Conspiracy case trial helped the Communist Party of India to consolidate itsposition among workers.
(c)Hindustan republic association(HRA):
Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) was a revolutionary organization of India established in 1924 at village Bholachang in East Bengal by Sachindra Nath Sanyal, Narendra Mohan Sen and PratulGanguly as an offshoot of Anushilan Samiti. Its objective was to establish a “Federated Republic of the United States of India” through an organized and armed revolution.
(d)Radcliff line:
To fix the international boundaries between the two countries, the Boundary Commission wasestablished chaired by Sir Cyril Radcliffe. The commission was to demarcate Bengal and Punjabinto the two new countries. The boundary demarcation line is called Radcliffe line. Its westernside serves as India-Pakistan border and eastern side serves as India- Bangladesh border.,
The Simon Commission was a British parliamentary commission that was appointed in 1927 to investigate the constitutional reforms in India. The commission was named after its chairman, Sir John Simon, and it consisted of seven members, all of whom were British. The commission visited India in 1928 and 1929, and it held public hearings in various cities. The commission’s report was published in 1930, and it recommended a number of constitutional reforms, including the introduction of a federal System of Government and the expansion of the Indian Legislative Assembly. The Simon Commission was widely opposed by Indian nationalists, who boycotted the commission’s hearings and demanded that the British government grant India independence. The commission’s report was also rejected by the Indian National Congress, which led to the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930.
The Meerut conspiracy was a conspiracy case that was brought against 31 Indian communists in 1929. The accused were charged with sedition and conspiracy to overthrow the British government. The trial lasted for two years, and the accused were eventually found guilty and sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. The Meerut conspiracy case was a major turning point in the history of the Indian communist movement. It led to the split between the communists and the nationalists, and it also helped to radicalize the Indian communist movement.
The Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) was an Indian revolutionary organization that was founded in 1924. The HRA was led by Chandrashekhar Azad, and it was involved in a number of revolutionary activities, including the Kakori train robbery in 1925. The HRA was also involved in the assassination of British officials, including Charles Tegart, the Inspector-General of Police in Calcutta. The HRA was eventually disbanded in 1931, after the execution of its leaders.
The Radcliffe Line was a demarcation line that was drawn by Sir Cyril Radcliffe in 1947 to partition India and Pakistan. The line was drawn in a hurry, and it did not take into account the ethnic and religious composition of the region. As a result, the Radcliffe Line divided families and communities, and it led to widespread violence and displacement. The Radcliffe Line is still a source of tension between India and Pakistan, and it has been the cause of several wars between the two countries.
The Simon Commission, the Meerut conspiracy, the Hindustan Republican Association, and the Radcliffe Line were all major events in the history of India. These events had a profound impact on the development of India, and they continue to shape the country’s politics and Society today.
a) The Simon Commission was a British parliamentary commission sent to India in 1927 to investigate the constitutional reforms being considered for the country. The commission was composed of seven British members, none of whom were Indian, and it was widely seen as a snub to Indian nationalists. The commission’s report, which was published in 1930, was rejected by Indian leaders, and it helped to fuel the growing independence movement.
b) The Meerut Conspiracy Case was a trial of 40 Indian communists and trade unionists who were accused of sedition and conspiracy to overthrow the British government. The trial, which took place in Meerut, India, from 1929 to 1933, was widely seen as a show trial, and the defendants were all convicted and sentenced to long prison terms. The case helped to galvanize the Indian independence movement and to further alienate Indian nationalists from the British government.
c) The Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) was an Indian revolutionary organization founded in 1924. The HRA was committed to overthrowing British rule in India through armed struggle. The organization was led by Chandrashekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, and Sukhdev Thapar. The HRA was responsible for a number of acts of violence against the British, including the assassination of British police officer John Saunders in 1928. The HRA was eventually disbanded in 1931, but its members played a significant role in the Indian independence movement.
d) The Radcliffe Line was the boundary line that divided India and Pakistan at the time of their independence in 1947. The line was drawn by Sir Cyril Radcliffe, a British lawyer, and it was based on a number of factors, including religious demographics, economic considerations, and strategic concerns. The Radcliffe Line was highly controversial, and it led to widespread violence and displacement. The line remains a source of tension between India and Pakistan today.
The Simon Commission was a British parliamentary commission that was appointed in 1927 to investigate the constitutional reforms in India. The commission was named after its chairman, Sir John Simon, and it consisted of seven members, all of whom were British. The commission visited India in 1928 and held public hearings in various cities. The commission’s report was published in 1930, and it recommended a number of constitutional reforms, including the introduction of a Federal System of Government and the expansion of the Indian Legislative Assembly. The Simon Commission was widely criticized by Indian nationalists, who saw it as a British attempt to perpetuate their rule in India. The commission’s report was rejected by the Indian National Congress, and it led to the Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930-31.
The Meerut Conspiracy Case was a trial of 40 Indian communists and trade unionists who were accused of sedition and conspiracy to overthrow the British government in India. The trial began in 1929 and lasted for two years. The accused were charged with being members of the Communist Party of India, which was illegal at the time. They were also charged with planning to overthrow the British government by violent means. The trial was held in Meerut, a city in Uttar Pradesh, India. The accused were defended by a team of lawyers led by Jawaharlal Nehru. The trial was a major turning point in the history of the Indian independence movement. It showed the growing strength of the Indian nationalist movement and the increasing radicalization of Indian youth. The trial also led to the split between the Indian National Congress and the Communist Party of India.
The Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) was an Indian revolutionary organization that was founded in 1924. The HRA was led by Chandrashekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapar, and Rajguru. The HRA’s goal was to overthrow the British government in India through armed revolution. The HRA carried out a number of acts of violence, including the assassination of British officials. The HRA was eventually disbanded in 1931, after the execution of its leaders.
The Radcliffe Line was a demarcation line that was drawn in 1947 to partition India into two independent dominions, India and Pakistan. The line was named after its creator, Sir Cyril Radcliffe, who was a British lawyer and judge. The Radcliffe Line was drawn in a hurry, and it was not based on any clear principles. As a result, the line divided many families and communities. The Radcliffe Line has been a source of conflict between India and Pakistan ever since it was drawn.
Which of the following was a British parliamentary commission that was appointed in 1927 to investigate the constitutional reforms in India?
(a) The Simon Commission
(b) The Meerut Conspiracy Case
(c) The Hindustan Republican Association
(d) The Radcliffe Line
The answer is (a).