FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT

by

 

Functions of Management:-

Planning

Organizing

Staffing

Direction

Coordination and control

DECISION MAKING

OUTPUT

Attainment goals effectively & efficiently

 

 

 
INPUTS/Resources

Human

Finance

 
CONTROLLING

Measuring performance with standards & taking corrective actions
PLANNING

Setting of objects & selecting ways
ORGANIZING

Establishing relationships,

Delagting authority & assign tasks
DIRECTING

Leading & motivating employees to attain objectives

 

FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT

 

PLANNING

Planning is a process of determination of organization’s objectives and selecting the courses of actions. i.e. Plans for attaining them.

Planning is the primary or basic management function.

 

Planning Process

Environmental scanning
Setting Objectives
Establishing Planning Premises
Searching alternatives
Evaluating alternatives
Selecting the most appropriate alternative
Formulating derivative plans
BUDGETING i.e. Committing Resources
Implementing Plans
Follow – up actions

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Types/Dimensions of Planning

 

  • Corporate Planning : Business product line

 

  • Long term Planning : > 5years

 

  • Short term Planning : 1 year

 

  • Medium term Planning : 2-5 years

 

  • Strategic planning : Long term, corporate planning for dealing with the organization Competitive Environment.

 

  • Operational or Tactical Planning : Plans that specified detail operations needed to achieve The overall organizational goals. (Short range planning)

(Administrative Plans)

 

  • Functional Planning : Production, Marketing, Personnel, Finance.

 

 

Components/Elements of Planning

 

Objectives :    The basic tools that underline all planning and strategic activities.

 

Strategy:         The Long term action plan to attain objectives.

 

Policies:           These are general statements or understanding that guide or channel thinking in decision making.

 

Procedure:      A Chronological Sequence of steps or actions to be taken to accomplish a  Specific task or job.

 

Method:          It is a prescribed way of completing a step in a procedure.

 

Rules:            Specific recored statements that direct what must or must not be done in a Given situation.

 

Standards:      It is a measure against whuch the level of performance is measured or  Evaluated.

 

Programmes: An action plan consisting sequence and timing of steps necessary to achieve Objectives.

 

Schedules:        A plan which indicates the time of commencement of task, passing through Different stages or process and finalising the task.

 

Budgets:        Numerical Plan containing expected result in quantative way.

 

Project:          It is smaller action plan and a distinct part of a programme.

Tactics:          Short term action plan for implementing strategy.,

The functions of management are the four primary activities that managers perform in order to achieve organizational goals. These functions are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.

Planning is the process of setting goals and objectives, and developing strategies to achieve them. It involves identifying the organization’s current situation, assessing its strengths and weaknesses, and developing a plan for the future.

Organizing is the process of creating a structure for the organization, and assigning tasks and responsibilities to employees. It involves creating a hierarchy of authority, defining job roles and responsibilities, and developing Communication and coordination mechanisms.

Leading is the process of motivating and inspiring employees to achieve the organization’s goals. It involves setting a vision for the organization, communicating that vision to employees, and providing them with the resources and support they need to achieve it.

Controlling is the process of monitoring performance and making adjustments as needed. It involves setting standards, measuring performance against those standards, and taking corrective action when necessary.

The four functions of management are interrelated and interdependent. Planning provides the foundation for organizing, leading, and controlling. Organizing provides the structure for leading and controlling. Leading provides the motivation and inspiration for organizing and controlling. Controlling provides the feedback for planning, organizing, and leading.

Effective management requires a balance of all four functions. Too much emphasis on planning can lead to rigidity and inflexibility. Too much emphasis on organizing can lead to Bureaucracy and red tape. Too much emphasis on leading can lead to chaos and disorder. Too much emphasis on controlling can lead to micromanagement and stifling creativity.

The best managers are able to strike a balance between the four functions of management. They are able to plan effectively, organize efficiently, lead effectively, and control effectively. As a result, they are able to achieve organizational goals and objectives.

Here are some examples of how the four functions of management are applied in different organizations:

  • In a manufacturing plant, the planning function might involve developing a production schedule, the organizing function might involve creating a production line, the leading function might involve motivating employees to meet production goals, and the controlling function might involve monitoring quality control.
  • In a hospital, the planning function might involve developing a strategic plan, the organizing function might involve creating a departmental structure, the leading function might involve motivating employees to provide quality care, and the controlling function might involve monitoring patient satisfaction.
  • In a school, the planning function might involve developing a curriculum, the organizing function might involve creating a school schedule, the leading function might involve motivating students to learn, and the controlling function might involve monitoring student achievement.

The four functions of management are essential for the success of any organization. By understanding and applying these functions, managers can help their organizations achieve their goals and objectives.

Planning

  1. What is planning?
    Planning is the process of setting goals and objectives, and then developing strategies and tactics to achieve them.
  2. Why is planning important?
    Planning is important because it helps organizations to be more efficient and effective. It allows them to set priorities, allocate resources, and make decisions in a more informed way.
  3. What are the different Types of Planning?
    There are many different types of planning, but some of the most common include strategic planning, operational planning, and tactical planning.

  4. What are the steps in the planning process?
    The planning process typically involves the following steps:

  5. Identifying the organization’s mission and vision

  6. Setting goals and objectives
  7. Developing strategies and tactics
  8. Implementing the plan

  9. Monitoring and evaluating the plan

  10. What are some common planning challenges?
    Some common planning challenges include:

  11. Lack of resources

  12. Unrealistic goals
  13. Changing priorities
  14. Unexpected events

Organizing

  1. What is organizing?
    Organizing is the process of creating a structure for an organization, and then assigning tasks and responsibilities to individuals.
  2. Why is organizing important?
    Organizing is important because it helps to ensure that tasks are completed efficiently and effectively. It also helps to coordinate the work of different individuals and departments.
  3. What are the different types of organizing?
    There are many different types of organizing, but some of the most common include functional organizing, divisional organizing, and matrix organizing.

  4. What are the steps in the organizing process?
    The organizing process typically involves the following steps:

  5. Dividing the work into tasks

  6. Assigning tasks to individuals
  7. Delegating authority

  8. Coordinating the work of different individuals and departments

  9. What are some common organizing challenges?
    Some common organizing challenges include:

  10. Lack of coordination

  11. Poor communication
  12. Inefficient use of resources

Leading

  1. What is leading?
    Leading is the process of motivating and inspiring others to achieve a common goal.
  2. Why is leading important?
    Leading is important because it helps to ensure that the organization’s goals are achieved. It also helps to create a positive work environment and foster employee engagement.
  3. What are the different styles of Leadership?
    There are many different styles of leadership, but some of the most common include autocratic leadership, democratic leadership, and laissez-faire leadership.

  4. What are the steps in the leadership process?
    The leadership process typically involves the following steps:

  5. Setting a vision

  6. Communicating the vision
  7. Motivating and inspiring others
  8. Developing and empowering others

  9. Building relationships

  10. What are some common leadership challenges?
    Some common leadership challenges include:

  11. Dealing with conflict

  12. Making decisions
  13. Motivating and inspiring others
  14. Building relationships

Controlling

  1. What is controlling?
    Controlling is the process of ensuring that the organization’s goals are achieved. It involves setting standards, measuring performance, and taking corrective action when necessary.
  2. Why is controlling important?
    Controlling is important because it helps to ensure that the organization is on track to achieve its goals. It also helps to identify and correct problems early on.
  3. What are the different types of control?
    There are many different types of control, but some of the most common include preventive control, concurrent control, and corrective control.

  4. What are the steps in the controlling process?
    The controlling process typically involves the following steps:

  5. Setting standards

  6. Measuring performance
  7. Comparing performance to standards

  8. Taking corrective action

  9. What are some common controlling challenges?
    Some common controlling challenges include:

  10. Setting unrealistic standards

  11. Not measuring performance accurately
  12. Not taking corrective action when necessary

1. Planning

  1. Which of the following is not a step in the planning process?
    (A) Setting goals
    (B) Developing strategies
    (C) Evaluating results
    (D) Executing plans

  2. Which of the following is a type of planning?
    (A) Strategic planning
    (B) Operational planning
    (C) Tactical planning
    (D) All of the above

  3. Which of the following is not a benefit of planning?
    (A) It helps to ensure that resources are used efficiently.
    (B) It helps to reduce uncertainty.
    (C) It helps to achieve goals.
    (D) It helps to create a sense of order and control.

2. Organizing

  1. Which of the following is not a function of organizing?
    (A) Determining the structure of the organization
    (B) Assigning tasks to employees
    (C) Providing employees with the resources they need
    (D) Monitoring employee performance

  2. Which of the following is a type of organizational structure?
    (A) Functional structure
    (B) Divisional structure
    (C) Matrix structure
    (D) All of the above

  3. Which of the following is not a benefit of organizing?
    (A) It helps to ensure that tasks are assigned to the right people.
    (B) It helps to coordinate the work of different departments.
    (C) It helps to create a sense of order and control.
    (D) It helps to reduce costs.

3. Leading

  1. Which of the following is not a function of leading?
    (A) Setting a vision for the organization
    (B) Motivating employees
    (C) Communicating with employees
    (D) Controlling employee behavior

  2. Which of the following is a leadership style?
    (A) Autocratic
    (B) Democratic
    (C) Laissez-faire
    (D) All of the above

  3. Which of the following is not a benefit of leading?
    (A) It helps to achieve organizational goals.
    (B) It helps to create a positive work environment.
    (C) It helps to motivate employees.
    (D) It helps to reduce costs.

4. Controlling

  1. Which of the following is not a function of controlling?
    (A) Setting standards
    (B) Measuring performance
    (C) Taking corrective action
    (D) Evaluating results

  2. Which of the following is a type of control?
    (A) Preventive control
    (B) Corrective control
    (C) Feedback control
    (D) All of the above

  3. Which of the following is not a benefit of controlling?
    (A) It helps to ensure that goals are achieved.
    (B) It helps to reduce costs.
    (C) It helps to improve efficiency.
    (D) It helps to create a sense of order and control.

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