European Economic Community

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European Economic Community

The European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organisation which aimed to bring about economic integration among its member states. It was created by the Treaty of Rome of 1957. Upon the formation of the European Union (EU) in 1993, the EEC was incorporated and renamed as the European Community (EC). In 2009 the EC’s institutions were absorbed into the EU’s wider framework and the community ceased to exist.

The Community’s initial aim was to bring about economic integration, including a Common Market and Customs Union, among its six founding members: Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and West Germany. It gained a common set of institutions along with the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) as one of the European Communities under the 1965 Merger Treaty (Treaty of Brussels). In 1993, a complete single market was achieved, known as the internal market, which allowed for the free movement of goods, capital, Services, and people within the EEC. In 1994, the internal market was formalised by the EEA agreement. This agreement also extended the internal market to include most of the member states of the European Free Trade Association, forming the European Economic Area covering 15 countries.

Upon the entry into force of the Maastricht Treaty in 1993, the EEC was renamed the European Community to reflect that it covered a wider range than economic policy. This was also when the three European Communities, including the EC, were collectively made to constitute the first of the three pillars of the European Union, which the treaty also founded. The EC existed in this form until it was abolished by the 2009 Treaty of Lisbon, which incorporated the EC’s institutions into the EU’s wider framework and provided that the EU would “replace and succeed the European Community”.

In 1951, the Treaty of Paris was signed, creating the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). This was an international community based on supranationalism and international law, designed to help the economy of Europe and prevent future war by integrating its members.  In the aim of creating a federal Europe two further communities were proposed: a European Defence Community and a European Political Community. While the treaty for the latter was being drawn up by the Common Assembly, the ECSC parliamentary chamber, the proposed defense community was rejected by the French Parliament. ECSC President Jean Monnet, a leading figure behind the communities, resigned from the High Authority in protest and began work on alternative communities, based on economic integration rather than political integration. After the Messina Conference in 1955, Paul Henri Spaak was given the task to prepare a report on the idea of a customs union. The so-called Spaak Report of the Spaak Committee formed the cornerstone of the intergovernmental negotiations at Val Duchesse conference centre in 1956. Together with the Ohlin Report the Spaak Report would provide the basis for the Treaty of Rome.

The resulting communities were the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM or sometimes EAEC). These were markedly less supranational than the previous communities, due to protests from some countries that their Sovereignty was being infringed (however there would still be concerns with the behaviour of the Hallstein Commission). The first formal meeting of the Hallstein Commission was held on 16 January 1958 at the Chateau de Val-Duchesse. The EEC (direct ancestor of the modern Community) was to create a customs union while Euratom would promote co-operation in the nuclear power sphere. The EEC rapidly became the most important of these and expanded its activities. One of the first important accomplishments of the EEC was the establishment (1962) of common price levels for agricultural products. In 1968, internal tariffs (tariffs on trade between member nations) were removed on certain products.

Another crisis was triggered in regard to proposals for the financing of the Common Agricultural Policy, which came into force in 1962. The transitional period whereby decisions were made by unanimity had come to an end, and majority-voting in the Council had taken effect. Then-French President Charles de Gaulle’s opposition to supranationalism and fear of the other members challenging the CAP led to an “empty chair policy” whereby French representatives were withdrawn from the European institutions until the French veto was reinstated. Eventually, a compromise was reached with the Luxembourg compromise on 29 January 1966 whereby a gentlemen’s agreement permitted members to use a veto on areas of national interest.

The EU absorbed the European Communities as one of its three pillars. The EEC’s areas of activities were enlarged and were renamed the European Community, continuing to follow the supranational structure of the EEC. The EEC institutions became those of the EU, however the Court, Parliament and Commission had only limited input in the new pillars, as they worked on a more intergovernmental system than the European Communities. This was reflected in the names of the institutions, the Council was formally the “Council of the European Union” while the Commission was formally the “Commission of the European Communities”.

However, after the Treaty of Maastricht, Parliament gained a much bigger role. Maastricht brought in the codecision procedure, which gave it equal legislative power with the Council on Community matters. Hence, with the greater powers of the supranational institutions and the operation of Qualified Majority Voting in the Council, the Community pillar could be described as a far more federal method of DECISION MAKING.

The Treaty of Amsterdam transferred responsibility for free movement of persons (e.g., visas, illegal immigration, asylum) from the Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) pillar to the European Community (JHA was renamed Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters (PJCC) as a result). Both Amsterdam and the Treaty of Nice also extended codecision procedure to nearly all policy areas, giving Parliament equal power to the Council in the Community.

In 2002, the Treaty of Paris which established the ECSC expired, having reached its 50-year limit (as the first treaty, it was the only one with a limit). No attempt was made to renew its mandate; instead, the Treaty of Nice transferred certain of its Elements to the Treaty of Rome and hence its work continued as part of the EC area of the European Community’s remit.  After the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon in 2009 the pillar structure ceased to exist. The European Community, together with its legal Personality, was absorbed into the newly consolidated European Union which merged in the other two pillars (however Euratom remained distinct). This was originally proposed under the European Constitution but that treaty failed ratification in 2005.

 


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The European Economic Community (EEC), also known as the Common Market, was an economic and political union of six European countries that existed from 1957 to 1993. The EEC was founded by the Treaty of Rome, which was signed on 25 March 1957 by Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. The treaty came into force on 1 January 1958.

The main goal of the EEC was to create a common market among its member states. This meant that goods, services, capital, and people could move freely within the EEC. The EEC also established a common external tariff, which meant that all member states had the same tariffs on goods imported from outside the EEC.

The EEC was successful in achieving its goals. The common market led to increased trade and Investment among member states. The common external tariff helped to protect EEC industries from foreign competition. The EEC also played a role in promoting peace and stability in Europe.

In 1993, the EEC was replaced by the European Union (EU). The EU is a more ambitious union than the EEC. It includes more countries, and it has a wider range of powers. The EU has also developed a common currency, the euro.

The EU has been successful in many areas. It has helped to promote peace and stability in Europe. It has also helped to create a single market, which has benefited businesses and consumers. However, the EU has also faced challenges. One challenge is the Rise of Nationalism and populism in some member states. Another challenge is the economic crisis that began in 2008.

Despite these challenges, the EU remains an important force in Europe. It is a powerful economic bloc, and it plays a key role in international affairs. The EU is likely to continue to evolve in the years to come. It is possible that the EU will expand to include more countries. It is also possible that the EU will develop new policies and powers.

The European Economic Community (EEC) was a major step forward in the integration of Europe. It helped to create a common market among its member states, which led to increased trade and investment. The EEC also played a role in promoting peace and stability in Europe.

The EEC was replaced by the European Union (EU) in 1993. The EU is a more ambitious union than the EEC, and it includes more countries. The EU has also developed a common currency, the euro.

The EU has been successful in many areas, but it has also faced challenges. One challenge is the rise of nationalism and populism in some member states. Another challenge is the economic crisis that began in 2008.

Despite these challenges, the EU remains an important force in Europe. It is a powerful economic bloc, and it plays a key role in international affairs. The EU is likely to continue to evolve in the years to come. It is possible that the EU will expand to include more countries. It is also possible that the EU will develop new policies and powers.

What is the European Union?

The European Union (EU) is a political and Economic Union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. The EU operates through a system of supranational institutions and intergovernmental-negotiated decisions by the member states. It aims to bring about the coordination of member states’ economic policies, a single market in which goods and people move freely, and common policies on trade, agriculture, Fisheries-2/”>Fisheries, and regional development.

What are the benefits of being a member of the European Union?

There are many benefits to being a member of the European Union. Some of the most important benefits include:

What are the challenges of being a member of the European Union?

There are also some challenges to being a member of the European Union. Some of the most important challenges include:

What is the future of the European Union?

The future of the European Union is uncertain. The EU is facing a number of challenges, including the rise of nationalism and populism, the refugee crisis, and the economic crisis. It is unclear how the EU will address these challenges and whether it will be able to remain united.

Sure, here are some MCQs without mentioning the topic European Economic Community:

  1. The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. The EU operates through a system of supranational institutions and intergovernmental-negotiated decisions by the member states. It aims to bring about the coordination of member states’ economic policies, a single market in which goods and people move freely, and common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development.

  2. The EU was founded in 1957 with the signing of the Treaty of Rome by six countries: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. The treaty established the European Economic Community (EEC), which was later renamed the European Community (EC) and then the European Union (EU).

  3. The EU has grown in size over time, with new member states joining the union on several occasions. The most recent enlargement took place in 2013, when Croatia became the 28th member state.

  4. The EU is governed by a number of institutions, including the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union, the European Commission, the Court of Justice of the European Union, and the European Central Bank.

  5. The EU has a number of policies, including the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), and the Regional Development Fund (ERDF).

  6. The EU is a major player in the global economy. It is the world’s largest single market and the world’s largest exporter of goods and services.

  7. The EU is a major donor of international aid. It is the world’s largest donor of humanitarian aid and the world’s second largest donor of development aid.

  8. The EU is a major player in international diplomacy. It is a member of the United Nations, the G7, and the G20.

  9. The EU is a major player in international security. It is a member of NATO and has its own military force, the European Union Battlegroups.

  10. The EU is a major player in international law. It is a party to a number of international treaties, including the Treaty on European Union, the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.

  11. The EU is a major player in international trade. It is a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and has its own Trade Policy.

  12. The EU is a major player in international environmental policy. It is a party to a number of international environmental treaties, including the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement.

  13. The EU is a major player in international education policy. It is a member of the Bologna Process and has its own education policy.

  14. The EU is a major player in international research policy. It is a member of the European Research Council and has its own research policy.

  15. The EU is a major player in international culture policy. It is a member of the Council of Europe and has its own culture policy.

  16. The EU is a major player in international sport policy. It is a member of the International Olympic Committee and has its own sport policy.

  17. The EU is a major player in international tourism policy. It is a member of the World Tourism Organization and has its own tourism policy.

  18. The EU is a major player in international development policy. It is a member of the OECD Development Assistance Committee and has its own development policy.

  19. The EU is a major player in international humanitarian aid policy. It is a member of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and has its own humanitarian aid policy.

  20. The EU is a major player in international Migration policy. It is a member of the International Organization for Migration and has its own migration policy.

  21. The EU is a major player in international asylum policy. It is a member of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and has its own asylum policy.

  22. The EU is a major player in international Human Rights policy. It is a member of the Council of Europe and has its own human rights policy.

  23. The EU is a major player in international Democracy promotion policy. It is a member of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and has its own democracy promotion policy.

  24. The EU is a major player in international Rule of Law promotion policy. It is a member of the Venice Commission and has its own rule of law promotion policy.

  25. The EU is a major player in international Good Governance promotion policy. It is a member of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative and has its own good governance promotion policy.

  26. The EU

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