Deen Dayal Upadhyaya
Integral humanism is a doctrine developed by Deendayal Upadhyaya and adopted by the Jana Sangh in 1965 as its official doctrine.It is also the official philosophy of the Bharatiya Janata Party.It aims to appeal to broad sections of Society/”>Indian Society by presenting an indigenous economic model that puts the human being at center stage .
The key element was humanism in political thought. His thoughts are relevant in today’s circumstances in national life of India. He was a political leader but more than it, he was a fundamental political thinker. India’s 1947 independence is political independence but Pandit Upadhyay is one of those thinkers in India who exercised on Swaraj of ideas. It means decolonisation of ideas, i.e. decolonisation of Indian minds. India was free politically but ideologically, colonial hangover was there. His relevance lies in the fact that in political, social and cultural discourse, he introduced basic concept of Indian philosophy. For example- he propounded in 1950 that there should not be artificial differences between left and right. This concept is irrelevant for India. In 2016, in latin America and EU, political thinkers are deliberating that left and right distinctions are artificial and damaging political discourse. He conceptualised that politics can’t free from ethics.
Integral humanism is a philosophical and scientific thought developed by Deendayal Upadhyaya and adopted by the Jana Sangh in 1965 as its official philosophy. It aims to appeal to broad sections of Indian society by presenting an indigenous development model that puts human identity at its centre.
According to Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya, the primary concern in India should be to develop an indigenous development model that has human beings as its core focus. It is opposed to both western capitalist individualism and Marxist Socialism, though welcoming to western science. It seeks a middle ground between capitalism and socialism, evaluating both systems on their respective merits, while being critical of their excesses and alienness.
Humankind, according to Upadhyaya, had four hierarchically organized att
ributes of body, mind, intellect and soul which corresponded to the four universal objectives of dharma (moral duties), artha (wealth), kama (desire or satisfaction), and moksha (total liberation or ‘salvation’). While none could be ignored, dharma is the ‘basic’, and moksha the ‘ultimate’ objective of humankind and society. He claimed that the problem with both capitalist and socialist ideologies is that they only consider the needs of body and mind, and were hence based on the materialist objectives of desire and wealth.
Upadhyaya rejected social systems in which individualism ‘reigned supreme’. He also rejected Communism in which individualism was ‘crushed’ as part of a ‘large heartless machine’. Society, according to Upadhyaya, rather than arising from a social contract between individuals, was fully born at its inception itself as a natural living organism with a definitive ‘national soul’ or ‘ethos’ and its needs of the social organism paralleled those of the individual.
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Deen Dayal Upadhyaya was a prominent Indian philosopher, politician, and social reformer. He is best known for his contributions to the philosophy of Integral Humanism, which emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to development that takes into account the spiritual, material, and social needs of all people.
Upadhyaya’s ethical values are based on the principles of Integral Humanism. These values include:
- Integral Humanism: This is the belief that all aspects of human life are interconnected and that development must be holistic, taking into account the spiritual, material, and social needs of all people.
- Antyodaya: This is the principle of upliftment of the poorest and most marginalized sections of society. Upadhyaya believed that the only way to achieve a truly just and equitable society is to ensure that the poorest and most vulnerable members of society are lifted up and given the opportunity to reach their full potential.
- Swadeshi: This is the principle of self-reliance and economic independence. Upadhyaya believed that India could only achieve true freedom and prosperity if it was economically self-sufficient.
- Gram Swaraj: This is the principle of village self-rule. Upadhyaya believed that the village was the basic unit of society and that true Democracy could only be achieved if villages were empowered to govern themselves.
- Sarvodaya: This is the principle of universal upliftment. Upadhyaya believed that all people, regardless of their caste, creed, or religion, have the right to a dignified and fulfilling life.
- Sarvadharma Sambhava: This is the principle of respect for all religions. Upadhyaya believed that all religions are equally valid paths to truth and that there should be no discrimination on the basis of religion.
- Sarvajana Hitaaya, Sarvajana Sukhaaya: This is the principle of service to all and happiness for all. Upadhyaya believed that the highest calling in life is to serve others and to work for the happiness of all.
- Daya, Dakshata, Shradha, Sadbhavana: These are the four cardinal virtues of compassion, skill, faith, and goodwill. Upadhyaya believed that these virtues are essential for building a just and humane society.
- Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacharya, Aparigraha: These are the five yamas or ethical restraints of Hinduism-2/”>Hinduism. Upadhyaya believed that these restraints are essential for living a moral and ethical life.
- Tapasya, Yoga/”>Yoga, Dhyana, Moksha: These are the four paths to liberation in Hinduism. Upadhyaya believed that these paths are essential for achieving spiritual enlightenment.
- Shanti, Shanti, Shanti: This is the principle of peace. Upadhyaya believed that peace is the highest goal of human existence and that all efforts should be made to achieve peace in the world.
Upadhyaya’s ethical values are a powerful and inspiring guide to living a meaningful and fulfilling life. They are based on the principles of love, compassion, service, and self-discipline. If we all strive to live by these values, we can create a more just, humane, and peaceful world.
What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?
A hypothesis is a tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables. A theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment.
What is the difference between a fact and an opinion?
A fact is a statement that can be proven to be true or false. An opinion is a belief or judgment that is not necessarily true or false.
What is the difference between a cause and an effect?
A cause is an event or action that brings about a result. An effect is the result of a cause.
What is the difference between a dependent and an independent variable?
In an experiment, the dependent variable is the one that is being measured or observed. The independent variable is the one that is being changed by the experimenter.
What is the difference between a correlation and a causation?
A correlation is a statistical measure of the strength of the relationship between two variables. A causation is a relationship between two variables in which one variable causes the other.
What is the difference between a Population and a sample?
A population is a group of all the individuals or objects that are being studied. A sample is a subset of the population that is used to represent the population.
What is the difference between a descriptive and an inferential statistic?
A descriptive statistic is a measure that describes a characteristic of a population. An inferential statistic is a measure that is used to make inferences about a population based on data from a sample.
What is the difference between a mean and a Median?
The mean is the Average of a set of numbers. The median is the middle number in a set of numbers arranged in order from least to greatest.
What is the difference between a mode and a range?
The mode is the most frequently occurring number in a set of numbers. The range is the difference between the largest and smallest numbers in a set of numbers.
What is the difference between a standard deviation and a Variance?
The standard deviation is a measure of how spread out a set of numbers is. The variance is a measure of how much variation there is in a set of numbers.
What is the difference between a normal distribution and a skewed distribution?
A normal distribution is a bell-shaped curve that is symmetrical around the mean. A skewed distribution is a curve that is not symmetrical around the mean.
What is the difference between a hypothesis test and a confidence interval?
A hypothesis test is a statistical test that is used to determine whether or not there is a significant difference between two groups. A confidence interval is a range of values that is used to estimate the true value of a population parameter.
What is the difference between a p-value and a confidence level?
The p-value is the Probability of obtaining a result at least as extreme as the one that was observed if the null hypothesis were true. The confidence level is the probability that the confidence interval contains the true value of the population parameter.
What is the difference between a type I error and a type II error?
A type I error is the error of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true. A type II error is the error of failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false.
What is the difference between a power analysis and a sample size calculation?
A power analysis is a statistical procedure that is used to determine the sample size that is needed to achieve a desired level of power. A sample size calculation is a mathematical procedure that is used to determine the number of individuals or objects that need to be included in a study.
What is the difference between a one-tailed test and a two-tailed test?
A one-tailed test is a statistical test that is used to test a hypothesis about the direction of a difference between two groups. A two-tailed test is a statistical test that is used to test a hypothesis about the difference between two groups without specifying the direction of the difference.
What is the difference between a parametric test and a nonparametric test?
A parametric test is a statistical test that assumes that the data are normally distributed. A nonparametric test is a statistical test that does not assume that the data are normally distributed.
What is the difference between a continuous variable and a discrete variable?
A continuous variable is a variable that can take on any value within a given range. A discrete variable is a variable that can only take on certain values.
What is the difference between a nominal variable, an ordinal variable, and an interval variable?
A nominal variable is a variable
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Which of the following is not a principle of Deen Dayal Upadhyaya’s Integral Humanism?
(A) Integral Humanism is a holistic approach to life that emphasizes the importance of all aspects of human existence, including the spiritual, the material, and the social.
(B) Integral Humanism is based on the idea that all people are equal and should be treated with dignity and respect.
(C) Integral Humanism is committed to social Justice and the Empowerment of the poor and marginalized.
(D) Integral Humanism is a form of Hindu nationalism that seeks to promote Hindu values and culture. -
Which of the following is not a goal of Deen Dayal Upadhyaya’s Integral Humanism?
(A) To create a society based on justice, Equality, and freedom.
(B) To promote Economic Development and prosperity.
(C) To preserve and promote Indian culture and values.
(D) To establish a Hindu Rashtra, or Hindu nation. -
Which of the following is not a criticism of Deen Dayal Upadhyaya’s Integral Humanism?
(A) It is too idealistic and unrealistic.
(B) It is too focused on Hindu values and culture.
(C) It is too vague and does not provide a clear roadmap for action.
(D) It is a form of Hindu nationalism that is dangerous to India’s secular democracy. -
Which of the following is not a contribution of Deen Dayal Upadhyaya to Indian politics?
(A) He was a founding member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
(B) He was the architect of the BJP’s ideology of Hindutva.
(C) He was a strong advocate for social justice and the empowerment of the poor and marginalized.
(D) He was a leading figure in the Ram Janmabhoomi movement. -
Which of the following is not a legacy of Deen Dayal Upadhyaya?
(A) He is considered to be one of the most important thinkers in the history of the BJP.
(B) His ideas have had a profound impact on the BJP’s ideology and policies.
(C) He is revered by many Hindus as a saint and a martyr.
(D) He is considered to be one of the most important figures in the history of modern India.