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Main issues of Education in India
1. Lack of Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE-Approximately 95.2 per cent of schools are not yet compliant with the complete set of RTE infrastructure indicators according to survey conducted in 2010.They lacks drinking water facilities, a functional common toilet, and do not have separate toilets for girls.
2. Number of boards causes non uniformity of curriculum throughout India so maintenance of quality standard is quite difficult.
3. Poor global ranking of institutes
Only 4 universities are featured in first 400 .This is largely because of high faculty-student ratio and lack of research capacity
4. System of education
Education is information based rather than knowledge based. The whole focus is on cramming information rather than understanding it and analyzing it.
5. Gap between education provided and Industry required education
Industry faces a problem to find suitable employee as education provided is not suitable for directly working in industry so before that a company is required to spend large amount on providing training for employee.
6. Gender issues
Traditional Society/”>Indian Society suffers from many kind of discrimination so there are many hurdles in education of unprivileged sections of society like Women, SC, ST and minority
7. Costly higher education
Very minimal amount of subsidy is provided for higher education so if student seeks to get chances of higher education still he misses out because of lack of economical Resources
8. Inadequate government Funding
The demand for financial resources far exceeds the supply. Very small amount is available for innovative programs and ideas.
Issues with Universalization of Education
Universalization of Elementary Education is Constitutional directive. Education is every body’s birth-right and it is binding on any government to provide facilities for education for children who are born and reach the school-going age.
It was stipulated to achieve Universalization within 10 years from the introduction of Constitution and that is by 1960. But it is now more than three decades after the scheduled time. The issues are as follows :
(1) Faulty Policy of Government:
The constitutional directive is that states shall endeavour to provide free and compulsory education to all children until they complete the age of 14 years. But it is a matter of regret that the prescribed goal has not been reached as yet. The main cause for this is that the policy of Government was based on idealism.
(2) Political Difficulties:
Education is the basis of Democracy. It is necessary to educate the citizens in order to make democracy a success. But so far the Government of India has not been able to devote their full attention towards education.
Main reason is that since the attainment of Independence, Government had to face the problems of food, of inimical neighbours, the problem of Kashmir, the problem of linguistic states etc. Those problems still exist and these problems have all along forced to allocate so much Money that Government has not been able to devote their due attention for elementary education.
(3) Faulty Administration of Education:
In most of the states the responsibility of universal primary education is on the authorities of Blocks, Municipalities and Educational Districts. The progress of expansion of primary education gets slow because of the indifference and incapability of these institutions.
(4) Dearth of Money:
Inadequacy of money is a serious problem that confronts primary schools. Income of the local institutions responsible for primary education is so much limited that they are totally incapable of meeting the expenditure of compulsory education.
To meet the requirements of compulsory basis education it was estimated that an annual expenditure of Rs.269.5 crores will be required. But in the First Five Year Plan the allocation was Rs. 93 crores and this allocation was reduced to Rs.89 crores in the Second Plan
(5) Dearth of Trained Teachers:
There is shortage of trained teachers to make Elementary Education Universal and compulsory. Nowadays, the young teachers do not wish to work in rural areas. But the fact remains that majority of Primary Schools are in rural areas. The chief reason of non-availability of suitable teachers is that teaching work is not attractive for many persons, since the salary of primary teachers is hopelessly low.
The condition of Scheduled areas is still more miserable. The hilly and impassable jungle areas with very poor Communication and transport facilities fail to attract the present day luxury-loving young men. Teachers should be provided with proper residence in the villages of their work. The question of Women teachers is very much special.
(6) Establishment and School Buildings:
Even the Third and Fourth All India Educational Surveys indicate that even now there are lakhs of villages and habitations without schools. There are nearly 4 lakhs schoolless villages in India which are to be given schools. It is not that easy to provide necessary funds for setting up such a large number of schools with buildings and other equipments.
(7) Unsuitable Curriculum:
The curriculum for primary schools is narrow and unsuitable to the local needs. The curriculum should be interesting for the children for its continuance. Learning by work should replace the emphasis on monotonous bookish knowledge. Education of craft should be given in the primary schools in accordance with the local needs and requirements. But the schemes of craft education in the primary schools should not of highly expensive ones.
(8) Wastage and Stagnation:
It is another major problem and great obstacle for universalization of Elementary Education. Out of every 100 students enrolled in class – I more than half leave schools by Class IV, only 32 pupils reach class V and only 26 reach class VIII. This is due to the lack of educational Atmosphere, undesirable Environment, lack of devoted teachers, poor economic condition of parents, absence of proper equipment etc.
(9) Natural Obstacles:
Natural barriers are the great obstacles in the way of expansion of compulsory education. The village and small habitations in areas of Himalayan regions, Kashmir, Garhwal, Almora with less Population are situated in distances apart.
(10) Social Evils:
Social evils like superstition, illiteracy faith in ancient conventions and customs, child marriages, untouchability, pardah system etc. create innumerable obstacle in the expansion of compulsory primary education. Still man; persons get their sons and daughters married at a very minor age against the Child Marriage Prohibition Act and deprive these school-going children of the fruits of education.
(11) Language Problem:
1961 Census reports about 826 languages and 1652 dialects in the country. The Constitution of India, 1950 mentions 14 languages, which can be made medium of education. Compulsory education has not been fully introduced among the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and denotified tribes in the country. This is due to the hindrances of languages as medium of education.
Vocational Education and Training (VET) is an important element of the nation’s education initiative. In order for Vocational Education to play its part effectively in the changing national context and for India to enjoy the fruits of the demographic dividend, there is an urgent need to redefine the critical Elements of imparting vocational education and training to make them flexible, contemporary, relevant, inclusive and creative. The Government is well aware of the important role of Vocational education and has already taken a number of important initiatives in this area.
Problem Areas Vocational Education and Training System
Following are the problems in Vocational Education System in India
1. There is a high dropout rate at Secondary level. There are 220 million children who go to school in India. Of these only around 12% students reach university. A large part of the 18-24 years age group in India has never been able to reach college. Comparing India to countries with similar income levels – India does not under perform in primary education but has a comparative deficit in secondary education.
2. Vocational Education is presently offered at Grade 11, 12th – however students reaching this Grade aspire for higher education. Since the present system does not allow vertical mobility, skills obtained are lost. Enrollment in 11th & 12th Grade of vocational education is only 3% of students at upper secondary level. About 6800 schools enroll 400,000 students in vocational education schemes utilizing only 40% of the available student capacity in these schools.
3. International experience suggests that what employers mostly want are young workers with strong basic academic skills and not just vocational skills. The present system does not emphasize general academic skills. The relative wages of workers with secondary education are increasing.
4. Private & Industry Participation is lacking. There are no incentives for private players to enter the field of vocational education.
5. Present regulations are very rigid. In-Service Training is required but not prevalent today. There is no opportunity for continuous skill up-gradation.
6. There is a lack of experienced and qualified teachers to train students on vocational skills. In foreign countries Bachelors of Vocational Education (BVE) is often a mandatory qualification for teachers. However, in India no specific qualifications are being imparted for Vocational Education teachers.
7. Vocationalization at all levels has not been successful. Poor quality of training is not in line with industry needs.
8. There is no definite path for vocational students to move from one level / sector to another level / sector. Mobility is not defined and hence students do not have a clear path in vocational education.
9. No clear policy or system of vocational education leading to certification / degrees presently available for the unorganized / informal sector. No Credit System has been formulated for the same. Over 90% of EMPLOYMENT in India is in the Informal sector. JSS offers 255 types of vocational courses to 1.5 million people, Community Polytechnics train about 450,000 people within communities annually and NIOS offers 85 courses through 700 providers. None of these programs have been rigorously evaluated, till date.
10. Expansion of vocational sector is happening without consideration for present problems.,
The education system in India is a complex and multifaceted system that has evolved over time. The system is divided into three main levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary education is compulsory for all children aged 6-14 years. Secondary education is optional and lasts for three years. Tertiary education is offered by universities and other higher education institutions.
The education system in India is facing a number of challenges, including poor quality of education, lack of access to education, and gender inequality. The government is working to address these challenges by implementing a number of reforms, including the Right to Education Act and the National Curriculum Framework.
- History of Education in India
The history of education in India can be traced back to the Vedic period (1500-500 BCE). During this period, education was imparted through the Gurukul system, which was a residential system of education. The Gurukul system was based on the principle of lifelong learning and emphasized the importance of character development.
After the Vedic period, education in India underwent a number of changes. During the Mauryan period (322-185 BCE), education was made compulsory for all children. The Mauryan emperor Ashoka also built a number of schools and libraries.
During the Gupta period (320-550 CE), education reached its zenith. The Gupta period is known as the Golden Age of India, and during this period, education was made available to all sections of society. The Gupta emperor Samudragupta also built a number of universities, including the Nalanda University.
After the Gupta period, education in India declined. This decline was due to a number of factors, including the Muslim invasions, the British rule, and the caste system.
- Current Status of Education in India
The current status of education in India is mixed. On the one hand, there has been significant progress in terms of access to education. The Literacy rate in India has increased from 18% in 1951 to 74% in 2011. The number of schools and colleges has also increased significantly.
On the other hand, there are still a number of challenges that need to be addressed. The quality of education in India is still poor. There is also a gender gap in education, with girls lagging behind boys in terms of enrollment and completion rates.
- Problems and Issues in the Education System in India
The education system in India is facing a number of challenges, including:
- Poor quality of education: The quality of education in India is still poor. This is due to a number of factors, including lack of qualified teachers, inadequate infrastructure, and lack of resources.
- Lack of access to education: There are still a number of children in India who do not have access to education. This is due to a number of factors, including POVERTY, lack of infrastructure, and gender inequality.
- Gender inequality: There is a gender gap in education in India, with girls lagging behind boys in terms of enrollment and completion rates. This is due to a number of factors, including social and cultural norms, poverty, and lack of access to education.
- Lack of vocational education: The education system in India does not adequately prepare students for the workforce. There is a need to introduce more vocational education in the school curriculum.
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Lack of research and innovation: The education system in India does not adequately promote research and innovation. This is due to a number of factors, including lack of funding, lack of infrastructure, and lack of qualified faculty.
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Universalization of Education in India
The government of India has launched a number of initiatives to universalize education in India. These initiatives include the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), the Mid-Day Meal Scheme (MDMS), and the Right to Education Act (RTE).
The SSA is a flagship program of the government of India that aims to provide quality education to all children in the age group of 6-14 years. The MDMS is a program that provides free mid-day meals to all students in government and government-aided schools. The RTE is a law that guarantees free and compulsory education to all children in the age group of 6-14 years.
- Vocationalization of Education in India
The government of India has also launched a number of initiatives to vocationalize education in India. These initiatives include the National Vocational Education Qualification Framework (NVEQF), the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY), and the Skill India Mission.
The NVEQF is a national framework for vocational education and training. The PMKVY is a government-funded scheme that aims to provide training to 50 million people in different vocational skills. The Skill India Mission is a government-led initiative that aims to make India a skilled workforce by 2022.
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What is the education system in India?
The education system in India is a complex and varied one, with a long and rich history. The current system is based on the British model, which was introduced during the colonial era. However, there are also many elements of the Indian education system that are unique to the country.
The education system in India is divided into three main stages: elementary education, secondary education, and higher education. Elementary education is compulsory for all children aged 6-14. Secondary education is optional, but it is highly recommended for students who want to go on to higher education. Higher education is available in a variety of institutions, including universities, colleges, and technical schools.
The education system in India is facing a number of challenges, including a shortage of qualified teachers, a lack of resources, and an increasing number of students. However, the government is working to address these challenges, and the education system in India is slowly improving.
What are the problems and issues with the education system in India?
The education system in India is facing a number of problems and issues, including:
- A shortage of qualified teachers: There is a shortage of qualified teachers in India, particularly in rural areas. This is due to a number of factors, including low salaries, poor working conditions, and a lack of opportunities for professional development.
- A lack of resources: Schools in India often lack basic resources, such as textbooks, desks, and chairs. This can make it difficult for students to learn and can also lead to frustration and boredom.
- An increasing number of students: The number of students in India is increasing rapidly. This is due to a number of factors, including a growing population and a rising demand for education. The increasing number of students is putting a strain on the education system and is making it difficult to provide quality education to all students.
What are the solutions to the problems and issues with the education system in India?
The government of India is working to address the problems and issues with the education system. Some of the solutions that are being implemented include:
- Increasing the number of qualified teachers: The government is increasing the number of teachers in India by recruiting more teachers and by providing training to existing teachers.
- Providing more resources: The government is providing more resources to schools, such as textbooks, desks, and chairs. The government is also working to improve the infrastructure of schools.
- Expanding access to education: The government is expanding access to education by building more schools and by providing scholarships to students from poor families.
These solutions are helping to improve the education system in India, but there is still more work to be done. The government needs to continue to invest in education and to address the challenges that the education system is facing.
What is the future of the education system in India?
The future of the education system in India is bright. The government is committed to improving the education system and is working to address the challenges that the system is facing. With continued Investment and effort, the education system in India will continue to improve and will provide quality education to all students.
Here are some MCQs on the topics of education, without mentioning the topic of Education System in India:
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Which of the following is not a goal of education?
(A) To prepare students for employment
(B) To develop students’ critical thinking skills
(C) To instill in students a love of learning
(D) To create obedient citizens -
Which of the following is the most important factor in determining a student’s success in school?
(A) The student’s intelligence
(B) The student’s socioeconomic status
(C) The quality of the student’s education
(D) The student’s motivation -
Which of the following is the most common form of education in the world?
(A) Public education
(B) Private education
(C) Homeschooling
(D) Religious education -
Which of the following is the most common type of school in the United States?
(A) Elementary school
(B) Middle school
(C) High school
(D) College -
Which of the following is the most common type of teacher in the United States?
(A) Elementary school teacher
(B) Middle school teacher
(C) High school teacher
(D) College professor -
Which of the following is the most common subject taught in schools around the world?
(A) Math
(B) English
(C) Science
(D) History -
Which of the following is the most common type of assessment used in schools?
(A) Tests
(B) Quizzes
(C) Homework
(D) Projects -
Which of the following is the most common type of grading system used in schools?
(A) Letter grades
(B) Numerical grades
(C) Pass/fail grades
(D) Holistic grades -
Which of the following is the most common type of school funding system?
(A) Local funding
(B) State funding
(C) Federal funding
(D) Private funding -
Which of the following is the most common type of school governance system?
(A) Centralized governance
(B) Decentralized governance
(C) Hybrid governance
(D) Community governance
I hope these MCQs are helpful!