<<–2/”>a >p dir=”ltr”>It is also known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever. It is a severe acute viral illness which during an outbreak cause the fatality rate can go upto 90%.
The first confirmed Ebola Virus Disease in human was reported in 1976 at Democratic Republic of Congo.
Transmission of Ebola Virus Disease
Ebola is introduced into the human Population through close contact with blood secretion organ or other body Fluids of infected animals. In Africa infection has been documented through the handling of infected chimpanzee ,Gorilla, monkeys, antilopes.
Ebola than spread in the community through human to human transmission which infection resulting from direct contact through broken skin, with blood secretion organ of the body Fluids of infected people and indirect contact with Environment contaminated with such fluid, burial ceremonies in which mourners have direct contact with the body of the disease person can also play a role in the transmission.
Man who has recovered from disease can still transmit the virus through their semen for up to 7 week after recovery from illness.
Healthcare workers have frequently been infected while treating patient of Ebola virus disease. This has occured through close contact with patient when infection control precaution are not strictly practiced.
Sign and Symptoms of Ebola Virus Disease
- it is characterized by sudden onset of fever
- intense weakness
- muscle pain
- headache
- this is followed by vomiting and diarrhoea
- Rash impaired kidney and
- decrease in platelet count causes due to internal and external bleeding
period of incubation is 2 to 21 days
Diagnosis:-
- antibody captured Elisa technique
- there is no licenced Vaccine and patient requires intensive support and care.
- Patients dehydrates excessively, so should be given oral dehydration therapy that is a solution of electrolyte
- Z-mapp:- the most potential treatment prepared by mapp bio pharmaceutical company of United States of America. it contains a cocktail of 3 humanised monoclonal or monospecific antibodies which can destroy the virus antigens.
Prevention and control of EVD
- Routine cleaning or disinfection of pigs and monkeys farms with detergent which are effective in deactivation of virus.
- educating Public Health messages during an outbreak for reducing the risk of wildlife human transmission from contact with the infected monkeys and consumption of their home made raw food should be prevented
- then animals should be handled by gloves, animal meat and blood products should be thoroughly cooked.
- reduce the risk of human to human transmission by using gloves by the health workers,regular washing and in the hospital
- there should be prompt and save burial of disease person without coming to direct contacts
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Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a deadly disease caused by infection with one of the five known species of the Ebola virus. The virus is named after the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), where it was first identified in 1976.
EVD is a rare disease, but it can be very serious. The virus is spread through contact with the blood or body fluids of an infected person or animal. Symptoms of EVD include fever, headache, muscle pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and bleeding. There is no specific treatment for EVD, but supportive care can help to improve the chances of survival.
The first outbreak of EVD occurred in 1976 in the DRC. Since then, there have been more than 20 outbreaks, including the largest outbreak in history, which began in West Africa in 2014. The 2014-2016 West Africa Ebola outbreak was the largest and most complex Ebola outbreak in history. It affected 28,616 people and killed 11,325.
The virus is thought to be spread through contact with the blood or body fluids of an infected person or animal. The virus can also be spread through contact with objects that have been contaminated with the virus, such as needles or medical equipment.
There is no specific treatment for EVD. However, supportive care can help to improve the chances of survival. This includes providing fluids and electrolytes, treating any other infections that may develop, and providing pain relief.
There are several Vaccines that are being developed to prevent EVD. One vaccine, called rVSV-ZEBOV, was shown to be effective in preventing EVD in a clinical trial. This vaccine is currently being used in the DRC to prevent the spread of EVD.
There are also several ways to prevent the spread of EVD. These include avoiding contact with the blood or body fluids of an infected person or animal, washing your hands thoroughly with soap and water, and using gloves and other protective equipment when caring for an infected person.
EVD is a serious disease, but it can be prevented. By following the steps outlined above, you can help to protect yourself and your loved ones from this deadly virus.
Epidemiology
Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a rare but deadly disease caused by infection with one of the five known species of the Ebola virus. The virus is named after the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), where it was first identified in 1976.
EVD is a zoonotic disease, meaning that it is spread from animals to humans. The natural reservoir of the Ebola virus is thought to be fruit bats, but other animals, such as monkeys and apes, can also become infected. Humans can become infected with the Ebola virus through contact with the blood or body fluids of an infected animal or person.
The incubation period for EVD is 2 to 21 days. Symptoms of EVD include fever, headache, muscle pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and bleeding. There is no specific treatment for EVD, but supportive care can help to improve the chances of survival.
The case fatality rate for EVD is high, ranging from 25% to 90%. However, the case fatality rate has been lower in recent outbreaks, due to improved treatment and prevention measures.
Clinical features
The clinical features of Ebola virus disease (EVD) vary from person to person. Some people may have mild symptoms, while others may become very ill. The most common symptoms of EVD include fever, headache, muscle pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and bleeding.
Symptoms usually appear 2 to 21 days after infection with the Ebola virus. The incubation period can be shorter or longer, depending on the strain of the virus.
The early symptoms of EVD are often non-specific and can be similar to those of other diseases, such as malaria, typhoid fever, and cholera. As the disease progresses, people with EVD may develop more severe symptoms, such as bleeding from the eyes, nose, mouth, and gums. They may also develop rashes, bruising, and swelling of the hands and feet.
In some cases, people with EVD may develop shock and multi-organ failure. This can lead to death.
Diagnosis
There is no specific test for Ebola virus disease (EVD). Diagnosis is based on the patient’s symptoms and a history of exposure to the virus. Laboratory tests can be used to confirm the diagnosis.
The most common laboratory test used to diagnose EVD is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. This test can detect the presence of the Ebola virus in the blood or other body fluids.
Other laboratory tests that may be used to diagnose EVD include the ELISA test and the IgM antibody
What is Ebola virus disease?
Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a deadly disease caused by infection with one of five species of the Ebola virus. It is a filovirus, which means it is a long, thin virus that looks like a thread under a Microscope.
How is Ebola virus disease spread?
Ebola virus disease is spread through contact with the blood or body fluids of an infected person or animal. This can happen through direct contact with the person or animal, or through contact with objects that have been contaminated with the virus.
What are the symptoms of Ebola virus disease?
The symptoms of Ebola virus disease can vary from person to person, but they usually include fever, headache, muscle pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and bleeding. Symptoms usually appear within 2 to 21 days after infection, but most people develop symptoms within 8 to 10 days.
How is Ebola virus disease treated?
There is no specific treatment for Ebola virus disease. Treatment is supportive and includes measures such as providing fluids and electrolytes, treating any other infections that may develop, and providing supportive care.
What is the prognosis for people with Ebola virus disease?
The fatality rate for Ebola virus disease is high, with most people who develop the disease dying. However, the fatality rate can vary depending on the strain of the virus, the health of the person infected, and the quality of medical care available.
How can Ebola virus disease be prevented?
The best way to prevent Ebola virus disease is to avoid contact with the blood or body fluids of an infected person or animal. This can be done by following basic hygiene practices, such as washing your hands frequently, avoiding contact with sick people, and cooking meat thoroughly.
What is the current situation with Ebola virus disease?
Ebola virus disease is a major public health concern. There have been several outbreaks of the disease in recent years, including the 2014-2016 West Africa outbreak, which was the largest and deadliest outbreak of the disease on record.
What are the future challenges for Ebola virus disease?
The future challenges for Ebola virus disease include preventing future outbreaks, developing effective treatments, and improving our understanding of the virus.
Sure, here are some multiple choice questions about the Ebola virus disease:
-
What is the Ebola virus disease?
(A) A viral hemorrhagic fever
(B) A respiratory illness
(C) A bacterial infection
(D) A parasitic infection -
How is the Ebola virus disease spread?
(A) Through contact with infected blood or body fluids
(B) Through contact with infected animals
(C) Through the air
(D) Through food or water -
What are the symptoms of the Ebola virus disease?
(A) Fever, headache, muscle pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and bleeding
(B) Cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain
(C) Stomachache, diarrhea, and vomiting
(D) Rash, fever, and joint pain -
What is the treatment for the Ebola virus disease?
(A) There is no specific treatment for Ebola virus disease. Treatment is supportive and includes measures to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, prevent and treat secondary infections, and provide symptomatic relief.
(B) There is a vaccine for Ebola virus disease. The vaccine is given as a series of three injections.
(C) There is an antiviral drug for Ebola virus disease. The drug is given intravenously.
(D) There is no cure for Ebola virus disease. -
What is the prognosis for people with the Ebola virus disease?
(A) The mortality rate for Ebola virus disease is high, ranging from 25% to 90%.
(B) The mortality rate for Ebola virus disease is low, ranging from 1% to 5%.
(C) The mortality rate for Ebola virus disease is 100%.
(D) There is no way to know the prognosis for people with Ebola virus disease. -
How can the Ebola virus disease be prevented?
(A) By avoiding contact with infected blood or body fluids
(B) By avoiding contact with infected animals
(C) By washing hands frequently with soap and water
(D) By getting vaccinated against Ebola virus disease -
What is the current status of the Ebola virus disease?
(A) The Ebola virus disease is a very rare disease that is only found in Africa.
(B) The Ebola virus disease is a very common disease that is found all over the world.
(C) The Ebola virus disease is a very serious disease that has caused outbreaks in several countries in Africa.
(D) The Ebola virus disease is a very mild disease that does not cause any serious problems. -
What is the future of the Ebola virus disease?
(A) The Ebola virus disease will eventually be eradicated.
(B) The Ebola virus disease will become a common disease that is found all over the world.
(C) The Ebola virus disease will become a very rare disease that is only found in Africa.
(D) The Ebola virus disease will continue to cause outbreaks in several countries in Africa. -
What is the impact of the Ebola virus disease on Society?
(A) The Ebola virus disease has a significant impact on society, causing death and illness.
(B) The Ebola virus disease has a minor impact on society, causing only a few deaths.
(C) The Ebola virus disease has no impact on society.
(D) The Ebola virus disease is a positive force in society, helping to improve public health. -
What is the role of the media in the Ebola virus disease?
(A) The media has played a positive role in the Ebola virus disease, helping to raise awareness of the disease and its prevention.
(B) The media has played a negative role in the Ebola virus disease, spreading misinformation and fear.
(C) The media has had no role in the Ebola virus disease.
(D) The media has played a neutral role in the Ebola virus disease.