The “e” in e-Governance stands for ‘electronic’. Thus, e-Governance is basically associated with carrying out the functions and achieving the results of governance through the utilization of ICT (Information and Communications Technology), So it is the application of Communication-technology/”>Information and communication technology (ICT) for delivering government Services, exchange of information, communication transactions, integration of various stand-alone systems and services between government-to-customer (G2C), government-to-business (G2B), government-to-government (G2G) as well as back office processes and interactions within the entire government framework.[1] Through e-governance, government services will be made available to citizens in a convenient, efficient and transparent manner. The three main target groups that can be distinguished in governance concepts are government, citizens and businesses/interest groups.
Types of government Interaction in e-governance.
- G2G: Government to Government
- G2C:Government to Citizen
- G2B: Government to Business
- G2E:Government to Employee
- G2G (Government to Government): When the exchange of information and services is within the periphery of the government, is termed as G2G interaction. This can be both horizontal, i.e. among various government entities and vertical, i.e. between national, state and Local Government entities and within different levels of the entity.
- G2C (Government to Citizen): The interaction amidst the government and general public is G2C interaction. Here an interface is set up between government and citizens, which enables citizens to get access to wide variety of public services. The citizens has the freedom to share their views and grievances on government policies anytime, anywhere.Telangana.pscnotes.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/E-Governance-300×134.jpg” alt=”” width=”300″ height=”134″ />
- G2B (Government to Business): In this case, the e-governance helps the business class to interact with the government seamlessly. It aims at eliminating red-tapism, saving time, cost and establish transparency in the business Environment, while interacting with government.
- G2E (Government to Employees): The government of any country is the biggest employer and so it also deals with employees on a regular basis, as other employers do. ICT helps in making the interaction between government and employees fast and efficient, along with raising their level of satisfaction by providing perquisites and add-on benefits.
E-governance can only be possible if the government is ready for it. It is not a one day task, and so the government has to make plans and implement them before switching to it. Some of the measures include Investment in Telecommunication Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE, budget Resources, ensure security, monitor assessment, Internet connectivity speed, promote awareness among public regarding the importance, support from all government departments and so forth.
Benefits of E-governance
- Reduced Corruption
- High transparency
- Increased convenience
- Growth in GDP
- Direct participation of constituents
- Reduction in overall cost.
- Expanded reach of government
Through e-governance, the government plans to raise the coverage and quality of information and services provided to the general public, by the use of ICT in an easy, economical and effective manner. The process is extremely complicated which requires, the proper arrangement of hardware, Software, networking and indeed re-engineering of all the processes to facilitate better delivery of services.
E Governance in India
e-Governance in India has transformed to promote Inclusive Growth that covers electronic services, products, devices and job opportunities. An initiative driving this growth is the Digital India. The Digital India programme is a flagship programme of the Government of India with a vision to transform India into a digitally empowered Society and knowledge economy.
National E-governance Plan
The National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) has been formulated by the Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DEITY) and Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG) in 2006.
The NeGP aims at improving delivery of Government services to citizens and businesses with the following vision: “Make all Government services accessible to the common man in his locality, through common service delivery outlets and ensure efficiency, transparency & reliability of such services at affordable costs to realise the basic needs of the common man.”
Recent initiatives and Mission mode Projects
§ UID
The unique identification project was conceived as an initiative that would provide identification for each resident across the country and would be used primarily as the basis for efficient delivery of welfare services. It would also act as a tool for effective monitoring of various programs and schemes of the government.
- e-Governance in Municipalities
It is a unique initiative of the Government of India conceptualized under the umbrella of the overall National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) and the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (Jnnurm) aimed at improving operational efficiencies within Urban Local Bodies (ULBs).
§ Crime and Criminal Tracking Network & Systems
Crime and Criminal Tracking Network & Systems (CCTNS) MMP aims at creating a comprehensive and integrated system for enhancing the efficiency and effective policing at all levels and especially at the Police Station level through adoption of principles of e-Governance, and creation of a nationwide networked infrastructure for evolution of IT-enabled state-of-the-art tracking system.
§ Public Distribution System
Computerization of the PDS is envisaged as an end-to-end project covering key functional areas such as Supply Chain Management including allocation and utilization reporting, storage and movement of food grains, grievance redressal and transparency portal, digitization of beneficiary Database, Fair Price Shop automation, etc.
§ Health
ICT for programme management has been undertaken by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare in the Mother and Child Tracking System (MCTS) programme and the Ministry envisages a more comprehensive use of ICT including for Hospital Information Systems, supply chain management for drugs and Vaccines, providing ICT tools to ASHA and ANM workers.
§ e-procurement
Ministry of Commerce & Industry (Department of Commerce) has been nominated as the Nodal Ministry for implementation of e-Government Procurement (e-GP) Mission Mode Projects (MMP).
§ e-Courts
The e-Court Mission Mode Project was conceptualized with a vision to transform the Indian Judiciary by making use of technology. The project had been developed, following the report submitted by the e-Committee under Supreme Court on national policy & action plan on implementation of information communication tools in Indian judiciary.
§ e-Biz
The e-Biz Mission Mode Project, being executed by Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP), Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India, was conceptualized with the vision
- Direct Cash transfer
To facilitate disbursements of Government entitlements like NREGA, Social Security pension, Handicapped Old Age Pension etc. of any Central or State Government bodies, using Aadhaar and authentication thereof as supported by UIDAI.
- M Governance
M-Governance is not a replacement for e-Governance, rather it complements e- Governance. M-Governance, is the use of mobile or wireless to improve Governance service and information “anytime, anywhere”.
- Mobile Seva
It aims to provide government services to the people through mobile phones and tablets. It has been developed as the core infrastructure for enabling the availability of public services through mobile devices.,
E-government is the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) to improve the delivery of government services to citizens, businesses, and other government agencies. E-government can be used to provide information, to deliver services, to collaborate with citizens and businesses, and to make decisions.
E-government applications can be classified into four main categories:
- Informational applications: These applications provide information about government services and programs. For example, a government website that provides information about how to apply for a driver’s license is an informational application.
- Transactional applications: These applications allow citizens and businesses to interact with government agencies to complete transactions, such as paying taxes or applying for benefits. For example, a government website that allows citizens to file their taxes online is a transactional application.
- Collaborative applications: These applications allow citizens and businesses to collaborate with government agencies to solve problems or improve services. For example, a government website that allows citizens to provide feedback on government services is a collaborative application.
- Decision-making applications: These applications provide decision-makers with information and analysis to help them make better decisions. For example, a government website that provides data on crime rates is a decision-making application.
There are many different models for e-government, but they can be broadly classified into two categories: centralized and decentralized models.
In a centralized model, all e-government applications are developed and managed by a central government agency. This model is often used in countries with a strong central government.
In a decentralized model, e-government applications are developed and managed by individual government agencies. This model is often used in countries with a weak central government or in countries that want to give local governments more control over e-government.
There are many benefits to e-government, including:
- Increased efficiency: E-government can help governments to operate more efficiently by automating processes and reducing paperwork.
- Improved transparency: E-government can help to improve transparency by making government information and services more accessible to citizens.
- Increased citizen participation: E-government can help to increase citizen participation in government by making it easier for citizens to access information and services and to provide feedback to government agencies.
- Reduced costs: E-government can help to reduce costs by automating processes and reducing the need for paper-based transactions.
There are also some challenges to e-government, including:
- The digital divide: Not everyone has access to the internet or to computers, which can create a digital divide between those who can access e-government services and those who cannot.
- Security: E-government systems must be secure to protect sensitive data from unauthorized access.
- Privacy: E-government systems must protect the privacy of citizens’ personal information.
- Lack of interoperability: E-government systems from different government agencies often do not interoperate, which can make it difficult for citizens to access information and services from multiple agencies.
Despite the challenges, e-government is a promising tool for improving the delivery of government services. E-government can help governments to operate more efficiently, improve transparency, increase citizen participation, and reduce costs. As e-government continues to evolve, it is likely to play an increasingly important role in the delivery of government services.
Here are some examples of successful e-government initiatives:
- The United States has implemented a number of successful e-government initiatives, such as the USA.gov website, which provides a single point of access to government information and services.
- The United Kingdom has implemented a number of successful e-government initiatives, such as the Directgov website, which provides a single point of access to government information and services.
- India has implemented a number of successful e-government initiatives, such as the Aadhaar program, which provides a unique identification number to all Indian citizens.
Here are some examples of failed e-government initiatives:
- The Australian government’s attempt to implement a national e-government portal, called the Government Online Gateway, was a failure. The portal was launched in 2001, but it was shut down in 2008 due to poor performance.
- The Canadian government’s attempt to implement a national e-government portal, called the Canada.ca website, was also a failure. The website was launched in 2004, but it was shut down in 2011 due to poor performance.
The future of e-government is bright. E-government will continue to evolve and improve, and it will play an increasingly important role in the delivery of government services.
What is e-governance?
E-governance is the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and transparency of government operations. It can also be used to engage citizens and businesses in the decision-making process.
What are the benefits of e-governance?
E-governance can provide a number of benefits, including:
- Increased efficiency and effectiveness: ICT can help governments to streamline their operations and improve the delivery of services.
- Reduced costs: ICT can help governments to reduce costs by automating tasks and eliminating paper-based processes.
- Improved transparency: ICT can help governments to make information more accessible to citizens and businesses, and to improve accountability.
- Increased citizen engagement: ICT can help governments to engage citizens and businesses in the decision-making process.
What are the challenges of e-governance?
E-governance also faces a number of challenges, including:
- The digital divide: Not everyone has access to ICT, which can create a digital divide between those who have access and those who do not.
- Security and privacy: ICT can be used to collect and store sensitive data, which raises concerns about security and privacy.
- Lack of technical expertise: Governments may not have the technical expertise to implement and manage e-governance initiatives.
- Lack of political will: E-governance initiatives can be complex and expensive, and there may be a lack of political will to implement them.
What are some examples of e-governance initiatives?
Some examples of e-governance initiatives include:
- Online tax filing: This allows citizens to file their taxes online, which can save time and Money.
- Online voter registration: This allows citizens to register to vote online, which can make it easier for them to participate in the democratic process.
- Online public services: This allows citizens to access government services online, such as renewing their driver’s license or applying for a passport.
- Open data portals: This allows governments to make data available to the public, which can be used to improve Transparency and Accountability.
What are the future trends in e-governance?
The future trends in e-governance include:
- The increasing use of mobile devices: Mobile devices are becoming increasingly popular, and governments are using them to deliver services to citizens.
- The increasing use of Social Media: Social media is being used by governments to engage with citizens and businesses.
- The increasing use of big data: Big data is being used by governments to improve decision-making.
- The increasing use of Artificial Intelligence: Artificial intelligence is being used by governments to automate tasks and improve efficiency.
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Which of the following is not an example of e-governance?
(A) Online tax filing
(B) Online voter registration
(C) Online shopping
(D) Online Banking -
Which of the following is the most common type of e-governance application?
(A) Transactional applications
(B) Informational applications
(C) Transactional and informational applications
(D) None of the above -
Which of the following is an example of a transactional e-governance application?
(A) Online tax filing
(B) Online voter registration
(C) Online shopping
(D) Online banking -
Which of the following is an example of an informational e-governance application?
(A) Online tax filing
(B) Online voter registration
(C) Online shopping
(D) Online Weather forecast -
Which of the following is the most common model of e-governance?
(A) Centralized model
(B) Decentralized model
(C) Hybrid model
(D) None of the above -
In a centralized model of e-governance, the central government is responsible for all aspects of e-governance.
(A) True
(B) False -
In a decentralized model of e-governance, each level of government is responsible for its own e-governance initiatives.
(A) True
(B) False -
In a hybrid model of e-governance, the central government Shares responsibility for e-governance with other levels of government.
(A) True
(B) False -
Which of the following is an advantage of e-governance?
(A) It can improve efficiency and effectiveness of government services.
(B) It can reduce costs.
(C) It can increase transparency and accountability of government.
(D) All of the above -
Which of the following is a challenge of e-governance?
(A) It can be difficult to implement and maintain.
(B) It can be difficult to ensure security and privacy of data.
(C) It can be difficult to ensure that all citizens have access to e-government services.
(D) All of the above