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The radial centrifugal drainage system of Jharkhand state has number of rivers. Most of these rivers remain relatively dry during summer months (February-May) but exhibit torrential flow during the months of monsoons (June-September). Jharkhand has a vast potential for generating hydel power as is exemplified by the location of the famous Damodar Valley Corporation in the state.
The main Rivers of Jharkhand are:
- North Koel river, originating from the plateau of Ranchi, flows towards north and ends in river Sone. flows in the Western portion of Palamau district and falls in the river Sone. Plamau district is considered rain shadow area and has very few rivers.
- South Koel river, originating from central part of Chotanagpur and ends in river Shankh.
- Barakar river originates from North Chotanagpur and passes through Giridih district. Tillaiya dam is built over this. It is the first Dam and hydro – Electric power Station constructed by Damodar Valley Corporation across Barakar river in Hazaribag district.
- Damodar river originates from Chandwa village of Palamu and is famous for distraction. Once called “sorrow of Jharkhand and Bengal” due to floods devastating vast areas, it has been turned into a blessing after construction of several Dams and hydro-electric gerating facilities by the Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC).
- Swarnarekha river also originates from plateau of Chhotanagpur. Gold particles are found in its sand. It flows towards Orissa.
- There are three main rivers in district Pakur namely Bansloi, Torai & Brahmini. Bansloi & Torai Rivers flow in the middle and Brahmini flows in the southern part of the District pakur.
- Kanchi river– DASSAM FALLS -About 40 km. away from Ranchi on Tata Road falls a village named Taimara near which flows the Kanchi river.
- Phalgu river, Sankari, Panchane-origin-North Chhota Nagpur
- The Sankh river is located near Rajendra village in District Gumla in Bihar.
The general line of drainpipe is from south to north towards the SON, which forms parts of the northern boundary .The principals rivers are Koel and its tributaries, the Auranga and the Amanat. There are also last of smaller streams, most of which are mere mountain torrents which rock–strewn beds. The Koel Auranga and Amanat are similar in this respect for their upper reaches are characterized by high banks Generally rugged and occasionally precipitous with a rapid stream dashing over boulders and shingle or gliding. Calmly, except in time of spate, in shadow parts terminated by rocky barriers. Further north these rivers have deep sandy beds, into which the water sinks out of sight in the hot weather, percolating through the soft sand. Until some outcrop of rock arrests its course and forces it to the surface.
Other Rivers: Roro, Mayurakshi, Sanjay, Son, More, Karo, Bansloi, Kharkai, Ganga, Gumani, Batane.
Most of the state lies on the Chhota Nagpur Plateau, which is the source of the Koel, Damodar, Brahmani, Kharkai, and Subarnarekha rivers, whose upper watersheds lie within Jharkhand. Much of the state is still covered by forest. Forest preserves support populations of tigers and Indian elephants.
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A drainage system is a Network of pipes, ditches, and other structures that collect and remove excess water from an area. Drainage Systems are essential for preventing flooding, erosion, and other water-related problems.
There are two main types of drainage systems: stormwater drainage and sanitary drainage. Stormwater drainage systems collect rainwater and runoff from streets, parking lots, and other impervious surfaces. Sanitary drainage systems collect wastewater from homes and businesses.
Stormwater drainage systems typically consist of gutters, downspouts, and storm sewers. Gutters are installed along the eaves of buildings to collect rainwater. Downspouts connect the gutters to storm sewers, which carry the water to a storm drain or other outfall. Storm sewers are usually located underground and may be combined with sanitary sewers.
Sanitary drainage systems typically consist of sewer pipes, manholes, and sewage treatment Plants. Sewer pipes are installed underground and carry wastewater from homes and businesses to a sewage treatment plant. Manholes are access points to the sewer system and allow workers to inspect and maintain the pipes. Sewage treatment plants remove pollutants from wastewater before it is discharged into a river, lake, or ocean.
Septic tanks are a type of on-site sewage treatment system that is used in areas where there is no public sewer system. Septic tanks consist of a tank and a leach field. The tank collects wastewater from the home and allows solids to settle out. The liquid waste then flows to the leach field, where it is filtered through the Soil and absorbed by the ground.
Infiltration/infiltration-percolation (I/I) systems are another type of on-site sewage treatment system. I/I systems consist of a tank and a series of perforated pipes. The tank collects wastewater from the home and allows solids to settle out. The liquid waste then flows to the perforated pipes, which are buried in the ground. The water filters through the soil and is absorbed by the ground.
Dry wells are used to collect and store rainwater and runoff. Dry wells are typically installed in areas where there is no storm sewer system. The water flows into the well and is stored in the gravel or sand that is at the bottom of the well. The water eventually evaporates or seeps into the ground.
Storm drains are used to collect and carry rainwater and runoff away from streets, parking lots, and other areas. Storm drains are typically located in the curb or gutter. The water flows into the drain and is carried to a storm sewer or other outfall.
Gutters are installed along the eaves of buildings to collect rainwater. The water flows down the gutters and into downspouts. Downspouts connect the gutters to storm sewers, which carry the water to a storm drain or other outfall.
Curbs are used to separate streets from sidewalks and other areas. The water flows over the curb and into the gutter.
Catch basins are located at the bottom of storm drains. The water flows into the catch basin and is held there until it can be pumped or drained away.
Manholes are access points to the sewer system. They allow workers to inspect and maintain the pipes.
Sewer pipes are installed underground and carry wastewater from homes and businesses to a sewage treatment plant.
Sewage treatment plants remove pollutants from wastewater before it is discharged into a river, lake, or ocean.
Drainage systems are an essential part of our Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE. They help to protect our homes, businesses, and communities from flooding and other water-related problems.
1. What is a drainage system?
A drainage system is a network of pipes and other structures that collect and remove excess water from an area.
2. What are the different types of drainage systems?
There are many different types of drainage systems, but they can be broadly divided into two categories: surface drainage systems and subsurface drainage systems.
Surface drainage systems collect water that flows over the surface of the ground, while subsurface drainage systems collect water that flows through the soil.
3. What are the benefits of having a drainage system?
A drainage system can provide a number of benefits, including:
- Protection from flooding: A drainage system can help to prevent flooding by collecting and removing excess water.
- Protection from erosion: A drainage system can help to prevent erosion by stabilizing the soil.
- Improved water quality: A drainage system can help to improve water quality by removing pollutants from the water.
- Increased property value: A drainage system can increase the value of a property by making it more attractive to buyers.
4. How do I choose the right drainage system for my needs?
The type of drainage system that you need will depend on a number of factors, including the size of the area that you need to drain, the type of soil, the Climate, and the budget.
It is important to consult with a qualified drainage professional to choose the right system for your needs.
5. How much does it cost to install a drainage system?
The cost of installing a drainage system will vary depending on the size of the area that you need to drain, the type of system that you choose, and the cost of labor and materials in your area.
In general, you can expect to pay between \$1,000 and \$5,000 to install a drainage system.
6. How do I maintain a drainage system?
A well-maintained drainage system can provide many years of service. However, it is important to maintain your system to ensure that it continues to function properly.
There are a number of things that you can do to maintain your drainage system, including:
- Inspect the system regularly for signs of damage.
- Clear debris from the system.
- Flush the system with water on a regular basis.
- Have the system professionally inspected and cleaned every few years.
7. What are the common problems with drainage systems?
There are a number of common problems that can occur with drainage systems, including:
- Blockages: Blockages can occur due to debris, roots, or other objects.
- Cracks: Cracks can develop in the pipes or other components of the system.
- Leaks: Leaks can occur at the joints or connections in the system.
- Infiltration: Infiltration can occur when water seeps into the system through cracks or gaps.
8. How do I fix a drainage problem?
The best way to fix a drainage problem is to consult with a qualified drainage professional. They will be able to assess the problem and recommend the best course of action.
In some cases, the problem may be simple to fix, such as clearing a blockage. In other cases, the problem may require more extensive repairs, such as replacing damaged pipes.
9. What are the safety considerations when working with drainage systems?
Drainage systems can be dangerous to work with, so it is important to take safety precautions.
Some of the safety considerations to keep in mind include:
- Wear protective gear, such as gloves and safety glasses.
- Be aware of the location of any electrical wires or other hazards.
- Work with a partner or have someone nearby who can help in case of an emergency.
10. Where can I learn more about drainage systems?
There are a number of Resources available to learn more about drainage systems, including:
- Books and articles on the subject
- Websites and online forums
- Drainage professionals
- Local Government agencies
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What is the process of removing water from an area?
(A) Drainage
(B) Irrigation
(C) Flood control
(D) Water management -
What is the main purpose of a drainage system?
(A) To remove excess water from an area
(B) To provide irrigation for crops
(C) To control flooding
(D) To manage Water Resources -
What are the two main types of drainage systems?
(A) Surface drainage and subsurface drainage
(B) Gravity drainage and pumped drainage
(C) Open drainage and closed drainage
(D) Natural drainage and artificial drainage -
What is an example of a surface drainage system?
(A) A ditch
(B) A storm drain
(C) A sewer
(D) A culvert -
What is an example of a subsurface drainage system?
(A) A drain tile
(B) A perforated pipe
(C) A well
(D) A sump pump -
What is the main advantage of a surface drainage system?
(A) It is relatively inexpensive to install
(B) It is easy to maintain
(C) It is effective in removing large amounts of water
(D) It is not affected by changes in the water table -
What is the main advantage of a subsurface drainage system?
(A) It is not visible
(B) It is not affected by changes in the water table
(C) It is effective in removing small amounts of water
(D) It is more efficient than a surface drainage system -
What is the main disadvantage of a surface drainage system?
(A) It can be unsightly
(B) It can be a breeding ground for mosquitoes
(C) It can cause erosion
(D) It can be ineffective in removing large amounts of water -
What is the main disadvantage of a subsurface drainage system?
(A) It is more expensive to install than a surface drainage system
(B) It is more difficult to maintain than a surface drainage system
(C) It is not as effective in removing large amounts of water as a surface drainage system
(D) It can be damaged by roots or other objects -
What are some of the benefits of having a well-functioning drainage system?
(A) It can prevent flooding
(B) It can improve water quality
(C) It can reduce the risk of soil erosion
(D) All of the above