Different types of Cell
A primary cell or battery is one that cannot easily be recharged after one use, and are discarded following discharge. Most primary cells utilize electrolytes that are contained within absorbent material or a separator and are thus termed dry cells.
A secondary cell or battery is one that can be electrically recharged after use to their original pre-discharge condition, by passing current through the circuit in the opposite direction to the current during discharge.
Secondary batteries fall into two sub-categories depending on their intended applications.
- Cells that are utilized as energy storage devices, delivering energy on demand. Such cells are typically connected to primary power sources so as to be fully charged on demand. Examples of these type of secondary cells include emergency no-fail and standby power sources, aircraft systems and stationary energy storage systems for load-leveling.
- Cells that are essentially utilized as primary cells, but are recharged after use rather than being discarded. Examples of these types of secondary cells primarily include portable consumer electronics and electric vehicles.
A third battery category is commonly referred to as the reserve cell. What differentiates the reserve cell from primary and secondary cells in the fact that a key component of the cell is separated from the remaining components, until just prior to activation. The component most often isolated is the electrolyte. This battery structure is commonly observed in thermal batteries, whereby the electrolyte remains inactive in a solid state until the melting point of the electrolyte is reached, allowing for ionic conduction, thus activating the battery. Reserve batteries effectively eliminate the possibility of self-discharge and minimize chemical deterioration. Most reserve batteries are used only once and then discarded. Reserve batteries are used in timing, temperature and pressure sensitive detonation devices in missiles, torpedoes, and other weapon systems.
Reserve cells are typically classified into the following 4 categories.
- Water activated batteries.
- Electrolyte activated batteries.
- Gas activated batteries.
- Heat activated batteries.
The fuel cell represents the fourth category of batteries. Fuel Cells are similar to batteries except for the fact that that all active materials are not an integral part of the device (as in a battery). In fuel cells, active materials are fed into batteries from an outside source. The fuel cell differs from a battery in that it possesses the capability to produce electrical energy as long as active materials are fed to the electrodes, but stop operating in the absence of such materials. A well-known application of fuel cells has been in cryogenic fuels used in space vehicles. Use of fuel cell technology for terrestrial applications has been slow to develop, although recent advances have generated a revitalized interest in a variety of systems with applications such as utility power, load-leveling, on-site generators and electric vehicles.
Different types of circuits
A closed circuit has a complete path. A open circuit does not. In order for a circuit to work, it must be closed; thus, open circuits aren’t functional. That may be a hard idea to grasp at first, but circuits are very different from open restaurants or open doors. When a circuit is open, the current can’t flow through. When there is a faulty electrical wire or electronic component in a circuit or the switch is Off, then it is called Open Circuit.
A series circuit is a circuit in which the same current flows through all components of the circuit. The current only has one path to take. If you’ve ever had trouble with Christmas lights, you might know a little about series circuits. If the lights are constructed in a series, when one bulb is missing or burnt out, the current cannot flow and the lights won’t turn on. Series circuits can be very frustrating because if they don’t work, you have to figure out which piece is responsible for the whole.
A parallel circuit is a circuit in which the components are arranged so that the current must break up (with bits flowing across each parallel branch) before meeting and combining again. Because the current divides, each component is assured a charge. And if one path breaks, the other paths will still work because they aren’t reliant on each other. Houses are always built with parallel circuits so that if one Light burns out, your entire house won’t lose power.
A short circuit is a circuit that allows the current to travel along an unintended path. In this way, it encounters little (or no) resistance. The piece of the circuit bypassed by the short circuit may cease to function and a large amount of current may begin flowing. This causes the wires to heat up and can potentially cause a fire. As we’ve already discussed, circuit breakers and fuse boxes are put in place to cut off circuits as a safety measure when a short circuit occurs. A short circuit is not, as some believe, just any electrical malfunction.
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Cells and Circuits
Cells are the basic building blocks of electricity. They convert chemical energy into electrical energy. There are two main types of cells: primary cells and secondary cells.
Primary cells are not rechargeable. They use a Chemical Reaction that cannot be reversed. Once the chemical reaction is complete, the cell is dead. Alkaline cells, Leclanche cells, mercury cells, and silver oxide cells are all examples of primary cells.
Secondary cells are rechargeable. They use a chemical reaction that can be reversed. This allows the cell to be used over and over again. Lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-Metal hydride batteries, lithium-ion batteries, and lithium-polymer batteries are all examples of secondary cells.
Circuits are a series of electrical components that are connected together to form a complete path for electricity to flow. There are two main types of circuits: electrical circuits and electronic circuits.
Electrical circuits use simple components such as wires, resistors, and capacitors. They are used to power devices such as lights, motors, and heaters. Electronic circuits use more complex components such as transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits. They are used to power devices such as computers, cell phones, and televisions.
Logic circuits are a type of electronic circuit that uses logic gates to perform logical operations. Logic gates are simple circuits that can be used to perform basic operations such as AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR.
Switching circuits are a type of electronic circuit that uses switches to control the flow of electricity. Switches can be used to turn devices on and off, or to control the amount of current that flows to a device.
Relays, transistors, diodes, vacuum tubes, and integrated circuits are all examples of electronic components. These components can be used to build a variety of electronic circuits.
Relays are electromechanical devices that use an electromagnet to control a switch. Transistors are semiconductor devices that can be used to amplify or switch electronic signals. Diodes are semiconductor devices that allow current to flow in one direction only. Vacuum tubes are electronic devices that use a vacuum to control the flow of electrons. Integrated circuits are semiconductor devices that contain millions or billions of transistors on a single chip.
Cells and circuits are essential components of all electronic devices. They work together to convert chemical energy into electrical energy, and to control the flow of electricity.
Cell
A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all known living organisms. It is the smallest unit of life that is capable of independent function. Cells are the basic building blocks of Tissues, which in turn make up organs and organ systems.
There are two main types of cells: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are the simplest type of cell and do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells and have a nucleus, as well as other membrane-bound organelles.
Cells are made up of a variety of different parts, including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and organelles. The cell membrane is a thin layer that surrounds the cell and protects it from the Environment. The cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance inside the cell. The nucleus is the control center of the cell and contains the cell’s DNA. Organelles are specialized structures that carry out specific functions in the cell.
Cells reproduce by dividing in two. This process is called mitosis. Mitosis is a complex process that involves the duplication of the cell’s DNA and the division of the cytoplasm.
Cells are essential for life. They are the basic building blocks of all living things and carry out all of the functions that are necessary for life.
Circuit
A circuit is a path or pathway that allows electricity to flow. Circuits can be simple, such as a single wire that connects a battery to a light bulb, or they can be complex, such as the circuits that control the operation of a computer.
Circuits are made up of a variety of different components, including wires, resistors, capacitors, inductors, and transistors. Wires are used to connect the components together. Resistors are used to control the flow of electricity. Capacitors are used to store electricity. Inductors are used to create a Magnetic Field. Transistors are used to amplify or switch signals.
Circuits can be classified into two main types: analog circuits and digital circuits. Analog circuits are used to process continuous signals, such as Sound or light. Digital circuits are used to process discrete signals, such as 1s and 0s.
Circuits are used in a wide variety of applications, including computers, telecommunications, and consumer electronics.
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Which of the following is not a type of cell?
(A) Dry Cell
(B) Wet cell
(C) Fuel cell
(D) Light-emitting diode -
Which of the following is not a type of circuit?
(A) Series circuit
(B) Parallel circuit
(C) Combination circuit
(D) Integrated circuit -
A dry cell is a type of cell that uses a chemical reaction to produce electricity. The most common type of dry cell is the alkaline cell, which is used in many household items such as flashlights and remote controls.
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A wet cell is a type of cell that uses a liquid electrolyte to produce electricity. The most common type of wet cell is the lead-acid battery, which is used in cars and other vehicles.
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A fuel cell is a type of cell that uses a chemical reaction between hydrogen and Oxygen to produce electricity. Fuel cells are often used in vehicles and other applications where a clean and efficient source of power is needed.
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A light-emitting diode (LED) is a type of semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current is passed through it. LEDs are often used in indicator lights, flashlights, and other applications where a small amount of light is needed.
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A series circuit is a type of circuit in which the components are connected in a single loop. The current flows through all of the components in the same order.
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A parallel circuit is a type of circuit in which the components are connected in parallel. The current can flow through any of the components in the circuit.
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A combination circuit is a type of circuit that contains both series and parallel components.
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An integrated circuit (IC) is a small electronic device that contains many transistors and other components on a single chip. ICs are used in a wide variety of electronic devices, including computers, cell phones, and televisions.