<<–2/”>a href=”https://exam.pscnotes.com/5653-2/”>p>fascinating world of sperm and ovum.
Introduction
Sperm and ovum, also known as spermatozoa and oocytes, respectively, are the two fundamental reproductive cells (gametes) involved in sexual Reproduction. They are produced in the male and female reproductive organs (testes and ovaries), each carrying half of the genetic material needed to create a new individual. The fusion of a sperm and an ovum during fertilization results in a zygote, the first cell of a new organism.
Key Differences Between Sperm and Ovum
| Feature | Sperm | Ovum |
|---|---|---|
| Size | Smallest cell in the human body | Largest cell in the human body |
| Shape | Elongated with a head, midpiece, and tail | Spherical or oval |
| Motility | Motile (can swim) due to the presence of a flagellum (tail) | Non-motile (cannot swim) |
| Quantity Produced | Millions produced daily | One or a few produced monthly |
| Production Timeframe | Produced continuously from puberty throughout life | Produced in a limited number before birth; released monthly from puberty till menopause |
| Energy Store | Minimal energy store | Large energy store to nourish the developing embryo |
| Chromosomes | Contains either an X or a Y chromosome | Contains only an X chromosome |
| Location of Production | Testes | Ovaries |
Advantages and Disadvantages of Sperm and Ovum
| Gamete | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|
| Sperm | Produced in large numbers, increasing the chances of fertilization; Motility allows them to reach the ovum | Vulnerable to environmental factors; Short lifespan |
| Ovum | Contains nutrients to support early embryonic development; Protected within the female body | Produced in limited numbers; Immobile |
Similarities Between Sperm and Ovum
- Both are haploid cells, meaning they contain half the number of chromosomes as other body cells.
- Both are essential for sexual reproduction and the creation of a new individual.
- Both are produced through the process of meiosis.
FAQs on Sperm and Ovum
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What is the role of the acrosome in sperm? The acrosome is a cap-like structure on the head of the sperm. It contains ENZYMES that help the sperm penetrate the outer layers of the ovum during fertilization.
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Why is the ovum larger than the sperm? The ovum is larger because it contains a large amount of cytoplasm and nutrients to support the early development of the embryo after fertilization.
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Can fertilization occur without both sperm and ovum? No, fertilization is the fusion of sperm and ovum, and both are required for the creation of a new individual.
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How long can sperm survive in the female reproductive tract? Sperm can survive in the female reproductive tract for up to 5 days.
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What is the difference between an ovum and an egg? The terms ovum and egg are often used interchangeably. However, technically, an ovum is the female gamete before fertilization, while an egg is the fertilized ovum (zygote).
I hope this comprehensive overview is helpful! Let me know if you have any other questions.