<<–2/”>a href=”https://exam.pscnotes.com/5653-2/”>p>The Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement are two significant international treaties aimed at addressing Climate change. The Kyoto Protocol, adopted in 1997 and enforced in 2005, is the first legally binding agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It imposes emission reduction targets on developed countries. The Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015 and enforced in 2016, is a global accord that involves all countries in efforts to combat Climate Change, with a focus on limiting Global Warming to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C.
| Aspect | Kyoto Protocol | Paris Agreement |
|---|---|---|
| Adoption Year | 1997 | 2015 |
| Enforcement Year | 2005 | 2016 |
| Objective | Legally binding emission reduction targets for developed countries | Global action to limit global warming to well below 2°C, pursuing efforts to limit to 1.5°C |
| Participation | Primarily developed countries (Annex I countries) | All countries, developed and developing |
| Legal Nature | Binding targets for developed countries | Nationally determined contributions (NDCs) with voluntary targets |
| Emission Targets | Set for developed countries, varying by country | Set by each country through NDCs |
| Compliance Mechanism | Legally binding with potential penalties for non-compliance | Transparent reporting and review system, but no binding penalties |
| Market Mechanisms | Emissions trading, Clean Development mechanism (CDM), Joint Implementation (JI) | Voluntary cooperation through market and non-market mechanisms |
| Focus on Adaptation | Limited focus on adaptation | Significant focus on adaptation, loss and damage |
| Financial Mechanism | Limited financial support for developing countries | Enhanced financial support, including $100 billion annual goal by 2020 |
| Review and Monitoring | Annual reporting and periodic reviews | Five-yearly global stocktake and enhanced transparency framework |
| Long-term Goals | Short-term targets (2008-2012) | Long-term temperature goals with periodic updates of NDCs |
| Inclusion of Forests and Land Use | Limited inclusion | Redd+ mechanism for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation |
Q1: What is the Kyoto Protocol?
A1: The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty that sets legally binding targets for developed countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions.
Q2: When was the Kyoto Protocol adopted and enforced?
A2: The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in 1997 and enforced in 2005.
Q3: What mechanisms does the Kyoto Protocol use to reduce emissions?
A3: The Kyoto Protocol uses mechanisms such as emissions trading, the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), and Joint Implementation (JI).
Q4: Who is required to reduce emissions under the Kyoto Protocol?
A4: Only developed countries (Annex I countries) are required to reduce emissions under the Kyoto Protocol.
Q5: What are the compliance mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol?
A5: The Kyoto Protocol includes legally binding targets and potential penalties for non-compliance.
Q1: What is the Paris Agreement?
A1: The Paris Agreement is an international treaty that involves all countries in efforts to combat climate change, aiming to limit global warming to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C.
Q2: When was the Paris Agreement adopted and enforced?
A2: The Paris Agreement was adopted in 2015 and enforced in 2016.
Q3: How does the Paris Agreement set emission targets?
A3: The Paris Agreement allows countries to set their own emission targets through nationally determined contributions (NDCs).
Q4: Are the targets under the Paris Agreement legally binding?
A4: No, the targets set through NDCs under the Paris Agreement are not legally binding.
Q5: How does the Paris Agreement support developing countries?
A5: The Paris Agreement includes enhanced financial support, aiming to mobilize $100 billion annually by 2020, and provides technological and capacity-building support to developing countries.
These tables and summaries provide a comprehensive comparison and overview of the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement, highlighting their key differences, advantages, disadvantages, and similarities.