<–2/”>a >Environmental influences are important both at the prenatal and postnatal stages of Human Development. At the prenatal stage, when a fetus is in the mother’s womb, internal or external harmful agents, such as certain legal or illegal drugs, alcohol, lead and pollutants can harm the unborn baby’s development. The mother’s Nutrition, diseases and emotional Stress can also affect the development of the fetus.
The Environment provides various Resources to man-both renewable and nonrenewable. Renewable resources are those resources which are replenished easily over time, and hence can be used without the possibility of the resource becoming depleted or exhausted. Examples of renewable resources include trees in the forests, fishes in the ocean, etc. Non-renewable resources, on the other hand, are those resources which can get exhausted or depleted over time as they are used up. Examples of non-renewable resources include fossil fuels and Minerals like petroleum,natural gas, coal, etc. Thus these resources need to be used carefully, while keeping in mind the requirements of the future generations.
Economic Growth and Sustainability
- Over-consumption has led to depletion of resources
- Main environmental threats
- Depletion of resources
- Global Warming
- Expansion of waste arising from production and consumption
- Population pressure
- Pollution
- Loss of Biodiversity-2/”>Biodiversity and extinction of species.
- Green NATIONAL INCOME Account
- Conventional National Income Accounting does not capture the Environmental Degradation due to production and consumption
- This omission leads to misrepresentation of improvements in social welfare
- Since there is no market for many environmental resources, it is difficult to place monetary values on them
- Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare: adjusts the national income to make an allowance for defensive spending (i.e. that incurred in cleaning up for pollution and other forms of environmental damage)
- Economic Sustainability
- Calls for reforms in the manner that we conduct our economic activity
- Removing unfair trade barriers and subsidies that harm the environment
- Upholding the polluter pays principle
- Tax not on labour but on consumption <already there in the form of indirect taxes>
- Pricing products in terms of value they have deducted from the common natural base
- Increase resource productivity
- Sustainable agriculture
- Use of practices and methods to maintain/enhance the economic viability of agricultural production, natural resource base, and other Ecosystems which are influenced by agricultural activities
- Minimizing the adverse impact on the Natural Resources base
- Flexible Farming Systems to manage the risks associated with Climate and markets
Ecological Sustainability
- Sustainable forest management
- ‘Forest Principle’ adopted at the 1992 Rio Summit
- In 2007, GA adopted the Non Legally Binding Instrument on All Types of Forests. The instrument is the first of its kind and is committed to promote SFM by bringing all stakeholders together
- Ministerial Conference on Protection of Forests in Europe defined SFM as the attainment of balance between Society’s increasing demands for forest products and benefits, and the preservation of forest Health and diversity.
- Forest managers must assess and integrate a wide array of sometimes conflicting factors to produce Sound forest plans
- Ecosystems approachhas been adopted by the CBD. The CBD definition of Ecosystems Approach is known as the Malawi Principles.
- Ecosystems Approach is a strategy of management of land, water and living resources in a way that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way. Focused on use of scientific methodologies for each level of biological organisation and their interaction.
- SFM was recognised by the parties to CBD in 2004 to be a concrete means of applying the Ecosystems Approach to forest ecosystems
- Objectives of SFM
- Maintain environmental stability through preservation of ecological balance that has been adversely affected due to the depletion of forest cover
- Preserve the natural heritage of the country
- Improve productivity of forests
- Protecting through cooperation with local communities on the principle of Joint Forest Management
- India
- One of the 12 mega biodiversity countries of the world
- National Forest Policy 1988emphasizes environmental stability and maintenance of ecological balance
- Existing Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE for forest protection is inadequate
- Surveys not carried out in many areas. Question of tribal rights
- Protect from forest fires
- Integrated Forest Protection Scheme
- 10thFYP. In all States and UTs
- Formed by merger of two 9thFYP schemes: ‘Forest Fire Control and Management’ and ‘Bridging of Infrastructure Gaps in the Forestry Sector in the North Eastern Region and Sikkim’
- Components
- Infrastructure Development: survey and demarcation, strengthening the infrastructure for Forest Protection Division
- Forest fire control and management
- Implementing agencies
- Central Component: Forest Protection Division, MoEF; Forest Survey of India, Dehradun; Central institutions like Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (Dehradun), IIFM (Bhopal) etc shall be involved
- State Component: Forest dept of the concerned state/UT
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The relationship between development and the environment is a complex one. On the one hand, development can lead to environmental degradation, as natural resources are exploited to meet human needs. On the other hand, development can also lead to environmental protection, as people become more aware of the importance of the environment and take steps to conserve resources.
One of the most pressing environmental issues facing the world today is deforestation. Deforestation is the clearing of forests for other uses, such as agriculture, logging, or development. Deforestation can lead to a number of environmental problems, including Soil erosion, Water Pollution, and Climate Change.
Another major environmental issue is Desertification. Desertification is the process of land becoming desert-like, as a result of human activities or climate change. Desertification can lead to a number of problems, including loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, and water shortages.
Air Pollution is another major environmental issue. Air pollution is the contamination of the air by harmful substances, such as particulate matter, ozone, and sulfur dioxide. Air pollution can cause a number of health problems, including respiratory problems, heart disease, and cancer.
Water pollution is another major environmental issue. Water pollution is the contamination of water by harmful substances, such as sewage, industrial waste, and agricultural runoff. Water pollution can cause a number of health problems, including gastrointestinal problems, reproductive problems, and neurological problems.
Soil Pollution is another major environmental issue. Soil pollution is the contamination of soil by harmful substances, such as pesticides, herbicides, and industrial waste. Soil pollution can cause a number of problems, including crop damage, groundwater contamination, and human health problems.
Climate change is a major environmental issue that is caused by the release of greenhouse gases into the Atmosphere. Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, which causes the Earth’s temperature to rise. Climate change can lead to a number of problems, including sea level rise, extreme weather events, and changes in agricultural yields.
Overpopulation is a major environmental issue that is caused by the rapid growth of the human population. Overpopulation can lead to a number of problems, such as deforestation, desertification, air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, and climate change.
Overconsumption is a major environmental issue that is caused by the excessive use of resources by humans. Overconsumption can lead to a number of problems, such as deforestation, desertification, air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, and climate change.
Biodiversity loss is a major environmental issue that is caused by the decline in the number of species on Earth. Biodiversity loss can lead to a number of problems, such as the disruption of ecosystems, the loss of food sources, and the spread of diseases.
Extinction is a major environmental issue that is caused by the death of all members of a species. Extinction can lead to a number of problems, such as the disruption of ecosystems, the loss of food sources, and the spread of diseases.
Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment as a result of human activities. Environmental degradation can lead to a number of problems, such as climate change, air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, and biodiversity loss.
Environmental sustainability is the ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable Development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Eco-friendly living is a lifestyle that is designed to minimize the impact on the environment. Green living is a lifestyle that is designed to be environmentally friendly.
Conservation is the protection of natural resources from exploitation. Preservation is the protection of natural resources in their natural state. Restoration is the process of returning a natural area to its original condition.
Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects. Reuse is the practice of using a product again instead of disposing of it. Reduce is the practice of using less of a resource. Rethink is the practice of considering the environmental impact of a product or service before purchasing it.
RENEWABLE ENERGY is energy that comes from sources that are naturally replenished, such as sunlight, wind, and water. Energy Efficiency is the use of less energy to achieve the same level of output. Waste Management is the process of collecting, treating, and disposing of waste. Pollution prevention is the practice of preventing pollution from occurring in the first place.
Environmental Education is the process of teaching people about the environment and how to protect it. Environmental activism is the practice of taking action to protect the environment. Environmental law is the body of law that protects the environment. Environmental policy is the set of government policies that protect the environment. Environmental economics is the study of the economic aspects of environmental protection. Environmental ethics is the study of the moral principles that should guide human interactions with the environment. Environmental Justice is the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with
Development Vs. Nature / Environment
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What is development?
Development is the process of improving the Quality Of Life for people. It can be measured in terms of economic growth, social progress, and environmental sustainability. -
What is nature?
Nature is the physical world around us, including Plants, animals, and the environment. It is essential for our survival and well-being. -
What is the environment?
The environment is the natural world around us, including the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the land we live on. It is essential for our survival and well-being. -
What is the relationship between development and nature?
Development can have a positive or negative impact on nature. On the one hand, development can lead to the destruction of natural resources, pollution, and climate change. On the other hand, development can also lead to the conservation of natural resources, the reduction of pollution, and the promotion of environmental sustainability. -
What is the relationship between development and the environment?
The environment is essential for development. Without a healthy environment, we cannot live, work, or grow food. The environment is also essential for our health and well-being. Exposure to pollution and climate change can lead to a variety of health problems, including respiratory problems, heart disease, and cancer. -
What are the challenges of balancing development and the environment?
One of the biggest challenges of balancing development and the environment is that there is often a trade-off between the two. For example, building a new road may require the destruction of a forest. Another challenge is that the effects of development on the environment can often be delayed, making it difficult to predict and prevent. -
What are some solutions to the challenges of balancing development and the environment?
One solution is to use sustainable development practices. Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable development practices include using renewable energy sources, reducing pollution, and conserving natural resources. -
What is the future of development and the environment?
The future of development and the environment depends on the choices we make today. If we choose to develop in a sustainable way, we can create a world that is both prosperous and healthy. However, if we continue to develop in a way that damages the environment, we will face serious consequences, including climate change, food shortages, and conflict.
Depletion Of Natural Resources
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What is natural resource depletion?
Natural resource depletion is the reduction in the amount of a natural resource available for use. It can be caused by a number of factors, including human activity, climate change, and natural disasters. -
What are the causes of natural resource depletion?
The main causes of natural resource depletion are human activity, climate change, and natural disasters. Human activity is the biggest cause of natural resource depletion. We use natural resources to power our homes, businesses, and transportation systems. We also use them to produce food, clothing, and other goods. Climate change is another major cause of natural resource depletion. Climate change is causing changes in weather patterns, which are making it more difficult to grow crops and raise Livestock. Natural disasters, such as floods, Earthquakes, and hurricanes, can also cause natural resource depletion. These disasters can destroy forests, damage infrastructure, and pollute water supplies. -
What are the effects of natural resource depletion?
Natural resource depletion has a number of negative effects on the environment, the economy, and human health. Environmental effects include deforestation, soil erosion, and water pollution. Economic effects include higher prices for goods and Services, job losses, and economic instability. Health effects include Malnutrition, respiratory problems, and cancer. -
What are the solutions to natural resource depletion?
There are a number of solutions to natural resource depletion. One solution is to reduce our consumption of natural resources. We can do this by using less energy, driving less, and eating less meat. Another solution is to develop renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, do not deplete natural resources. We can also recycle and reuse materials to reduce the amount of waste we produce. -
What is the future of natural resource depletion?
The future of natural resource depletion depends on the choices we make today. If we continue to consume natural resources at the current rate, we will eventually run out of them. However, if we reduce our consumption and develop renewable energy sources, we can ensure that natural resources are available for future generations.
Question 1
Which of the following is not a natural resource?
(A) Water
(B) Air
(C) Oil
(D) Gold
Answer
(C) Oil is a non-renewable resource, while the others are renewable resources.
Question 2
Which of the following is not a way to conserve natural resources?
(A) Recycling
(B) Reusing
(C) Reducing
(D) Depleting
Answer (D) Depleting is not a way to conserve natural resources.
Question 3
Which of the following is not a negative impact of human activity on the environment?
(A) Climate change
(B) Pollution
(C) Deforestation
(D) Overpopulation
Answer (D) Overpopulation is not a negative impact of human activity on the environment. It is a problem that can be solved through education and family planning.
Question 4
What is the most important thing we can do to protect the environment?
(A) Reduce our consumption of resources
(B) Recycle and reuse materials
(C) Use renewable energy sources
(D) All of the above
Answer (D) All of the above are important things we can do to protect the environment.
Question 5
What is the Kyoto Protocol?
(A) An international agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
(B) A treaty to ban nuclear weapons
(C) A plan to protect endangered species
(D) A program to reduce POVERTY
Answer (A) The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Question 6
What is the Montreal Protocol?
(A) An international agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
(B) A treaty to ban nuclear weapons
(C) A plan to protect endangered species
(D) A program to reduce Ozone Depletion
Answer (D) The Montreal Protocol is an international agreement to reduce ozone depletion.
Question 7
What is the Endangered Species Act?
(A) A law that protects endangered plants and animals
(B) A law that protects the environment
(C) A law that protects Human Rights
(D) A law that protects workers’ rights
Answer (A) The Endangered Species Act is a law that protects endangered plants and animals.
Question 8
What is the Clean Air Act?
(A) A law that protects the environment
(B) A law that protects human health
(C) A law that protects workers’ rights
(D) A law that protects consumers’ rights
Answer (B) The Clean Air Act is a law that protects human health.
Question 9
What is the Clean Water Act?
(A) A law that protects the environment
(B) A law that protects human health
(C) A law that protects workers’ rights
(D) A law that protects consumers’ rights
Answer (A) The Clean Water Act is a law that protects the environment.
Question 10
What is the Safe drinking water Act?
(A) A law that protects the environment
(B) A law that protects human health
(C) A law that protects workers’ rights
(D) A law that protects consumers’ rights
Answer (B) The Safe Drinking Water Act is a law that protects human health.