<–2/”>a >Decentralized Planning is a type of planning where local organisations and institutions formulate, adopt, execute actions and supervise the plan without interference by the central body. Decentralized planning in the State operated mainly through the following institutions and instruments; Grama Sabha (GS): People’s participation in Decentralization was sought to be ensured mainly through meetings of the GP ward level Grama Sabha, chaired by the ward member.
There are following major dimensions of decentralization:
(i) Financial:- the transfer of revenue, BUDGETING and expenditure authority to local elected bodies.
(ii) Administrative:-the transfer of functional responsibilities in various sectors as well as staff Resources to the jurisdiction of elected local governments
(iii) Political:- the transfer of policy and legislative powers to local councils that have been democratically elected and establishment of mechanisms of accountability to local constituents
Panchayats are mentioned in Rig Veda, which is believed to have been composed more than 1000 years before Christ. The five members of the Panchayat of the village were known as Pancha Parameswar, or the five godly persons. Kings were respectful towards them. The Panchayat distributed land, collected revenue and settled disputes in the village. However, the Panchayats suffered a steady decline later under feudal and Moghul rules. A new class of feudal chiefs called zamindars came to function as a link between the king and the people.
Lord Ripon, who is regarded as the father of local-self government in India. He attached importance to both administrative efficiency as well as political Education at the local level.
The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts, 1992, which gave Constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions (PRIs) and Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) respectively, in both letter and spirit in order to bring about greater decentralisation and increase the involvement of the community in planning and implementing schemes and, thus, increase accountability.
The Amendments left important matters such as implementation, service delivery (including local capacity building) and transfer of responsibilities and powers to rural local bodies at the discretion of the state legislatures. Consequently, while expenditure responsibilities of local bodies are extensively enhanced, there is no law to ensure a corresponding assignment of funds to match the additional responsibilities.
The District Planning Committee was made under the Constitution (74th) Amendment Act, 1992. Accordingly, there shall be a District Planning Committee at the district level to consolidate the plans prepared by the Panchayats And Municipalities and to prepare a draft development plan for the district as a whole.
- Village/Ward Committee: Micro visioning & planning – linking vision to individual/family
- Gram Panchayat:Link vision to own responsibility , resources , decide goal & plan
- Intermediate Panchayat:Link vision to own responsibility , resources , decide goal & plan
- Zilla Panchayat:-Link vision to own responsibility , resources , decide goal & plan
- District Planning Committee :Integration & Consolidation
The Eleventh’ Schedule of the Constitution has recommended 29 subjects for devolution to Panchayats. The most important rationale for decentralized planning is direct involvement of the people in addressing their own development. An intervention which has impact only at the local level and can be organized locally is best left to the Panchayat to organize the same.,
Decentralized planning is a type of economic planning in which decision-making power is devolved to lower levels of government or to private businesses. It is often contrasted with centralized planning, in which the central government makes all economic decisions.
Decentralized planning can be implemented in a variety of ways. One common approach is to create regional or local planning bodies that are responsible for developing and implementing economic plans for their respective areas. Another approach is to give private businesses more autonomy in making economic decisions.
Decentralized planning has a number of potential advantages. It can help to improve efficiency and flexibility in the economy. It can also help to promote local Economic Development and innovation. However, decentralized planning can also lead to problems such as uneven economic development and a lack of coordination between different regions or businesses.
Advantages of decentralized planning
Decentralized planning can help to improve efficiency and flexibility in the economy. This is because it allows decision-making to be made closer to the point of production, where information about local conditions is more readily available. This can lead to more efficient allocation of resources and a better response to changes in demand.
Decentralized planning can also help to promote local economic development and innovation. This is because it gives local businesses and communities more control over their own economic destiny. This can lead to greater Investment in local Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE and businesses, as well as the development of new products and Services that meet the needs of local people.
Disadvantages of decentralized planning
Decentralized planning can also lead to problems such as uneven economic development and a lack of coordination between different regions or businesses. This is because different regions or businesses may have different priorities and objectives. This can lead to a situation where some regions or businesses are more successful than others, which can create social and economic tensions.
Decentralized planning can also be difficult to implement effectively. This is because it requires a high level of coordination between different levels of government and businesses. It can also be difficult to ensure that all regions or businesses have equal access to resources and opportunities.
Methods of implementing decentralized planning
There are a number of different methods that can be used to implement decentralized planning. One common approach is to create regional or local planning bodies that are responsible for developing and implementing economic plans for their respective areas. These planning bodies can be made up of representatives from government, business, and the community.
Another approach is to give private businesses more autonomy in making economic decisions. This can be done by deregulation or by providing businesses with tax breaks or other incentives.
Case studies of decentralized planning
There are a number of examples of decentralized planning being implemented around the world. One example is the experience of China. China has been gradually decentralizing its economy since the 1980s. This has led to a significant increase in economic Growth and development.
Another example is the experience of India. India has also been decentralizing its economy in recent years. This has led to a number of positive developments, such as increased investment in rural areas and improved access to education and healthcare.
Challenges of decentralized planning
There are a number of challenges that can arise when implementing decentralized planning. One challenge is ensuring that all regions or businesses have equal access to resources and opportunities. Another challenge is coordinating the activities of different levels of government and businesses.
Future of decentralized planning
Despite the challenges, decentralized planning is likely to continue to be used around the world. This is because it offers a number of potential advantages, such as improved efficiency and flexibility in the economy. Decentralized planning can also help to promote local economic development and innovation.
What is a decentralized planning system?
A decentralized planning system is a system in which economic decisions are made by individuals and businesses, rather than by a central government.
What are the advantages of a decentralized planning system?
Decentralized planning systems are often more efficient than centralized planning systems. This is because individuals and businesses are more likely to have the information and expertise necessary to make good economic decisions than a central government. Additionally, decentralized planning systems are often more flexible than centralized planning systems. This is because individuals and businesses are able to respond more quickly to changes in the market.
What are the disadvantages of a decentralized planning system?
Decentralized planning systems can sometimes lead to inequality. This is because individuals and businesses with more resources are often able to make better economic decisions than those with fewer resources. Additionally, decentralized planning systems can sometimes lead to market failures. This is because individuals and businesses may not take into account the full costs or benefits of their actions.
What is an example of a decentralized planning system?
The United States is an example of a country with a decentralized planning system. In the United States, economic decisions are made by individuals and businesses, rather than by the federal government.
What is the difference between a decentralized planning system and a centralized planning system?
The main difference between a decentralized planning system and a centralized planning system is that in a decentralized planning system, economic decisions are made by individuals and businesses, while in a centralized planning system, economic decisions are made by a central government.
What are some examples of centralized planning systems?
Some examples of centralized planning systems include the Soviet Union and China. In the Soviet Union, all economic decisions were made by the central government. In China, the central government still plays a major role in economic planning, but there is more room for individual and business decision-making than there was in the past.
What are some of the challenges of decentralized planning?
One of the challenges of decentralized planning is that it can be difficult to coordinate economic activity. This is because there is no central authority that can make sure that all economic actors are working towards the same goals. Additionally, decentralized planning can lead to inequality, as individuals and businesses with more resources are often able to make better economic decisions than those with fewer resources.
What are some of the benefits of decentralized planning?
One of the benefits of decentralized planning is that it can lead to more efficient use of resources. This is because individuals and businesses are often more familiar with their local markets and are therefore better able to make decisions about how to allocate resources. Additionally, decentralized planning can lead to more innovation, as individuals and businesses are free to experiment with new ideas.
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of a centrally planned economy?
(A) The government sets prices and production quotas.
(B) The government owns and controls most major industries.
(C) The government provides most social services.
(D) The government allows private ownership of businesses. -
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a market economy?
(A) The government sets prices and production quotas.
(B) The government owns and controls most major industries.
(C) The government provides most social services.
(D) Businesses are owned and operated by individuals or private groups. -
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a Mixed Economy?
(A) The government sets prices and production quotas.
(B) The government owns and controls some major industries.
(C) The government provides some social services.
(D) Businesses are owned and operated by individuals or private groups. -
Which of the following is a benefit of a centrally planned economy?
(A) It can lead to rapid economic growth.
(B) It can ensure that everyone has access to basic necessities.
(C) It can be more efficient than a market economy.
(D) It can be more equitable than a market economy. -
Which of the following is a benefit of a market economy?
(A) It can lead to innovation and Technological Progress.
(B) It can provide consumers with a wide variety of goods and services.
(C) It can promote efficiency and productivity.
(D) It can create a more equitable distribution of wealth. -
Which of the following is a benefit of a mixed economy?
(A) It can combine the benefits of a centrally planned economy and a market economy.
(B) It can provide a safety net for those who are unable to compete in a market economy.
(C) It can promote economic growth and stability.
(D) It can provide a balance between individual freedom and social responsibility. -
Which of the following is a criticism of a centrally planned economy?
(A) It can be inefficient and lead to shortages.
(B) It can be inflexible and slow to adapt to change.
(C) It can lead to Corruption and abuse of power.
(D) It can stifle individual creativity and innovation. -
Which of the following is a criticism of a market economy?
(A) It can lead to inequality and POVERTY.
(B) It can lead to Environmental Degradation.
(C) It can lead to economic instability.
(D) It can lead to exploitation of workers. -
Which of the following is a criticism of a mixed economy?
(A) It can be difficult to find the right balance between government intervention and market forces.
(B) It can be inefficient and lead to waste.
(C) It can be complex and difficult to manage.
(D) It can be unfair and lead to inequality. -
Which of the following is the most common type of economic system in the world today?
(A) Centrally planned economy
(B) Market economy
(C) Mixed economy
(D) Traditional economy