<<–2/”>a >a href=”https://exam.pscnotes.com/decentralized-planning/”>Decentralized planning is a type of planning where local organisations and institutions formulate, adopt, execute actions and supervise the plan without interference by the central body. Decentralized planning in the State operated mainly through the following institutions and instruments; Grama Sabha (GS): People’s participation in Decentralization was sought to be ensured mainly through meetings of the GP ward level Grama Sabha, chaired by the ward member.
There are following major dimensions of decentralization:
(i) Financial:- the transfer of revenue, BUDGETING and expenditure authority to local elected bodies.
(ii) Administrative:-the transfer of functional responsibilities in various sectors as well as staff Resources to the jurisdiction of elected local governments
(iii) Political:- the transfer of policy and legislative powers to local councils that have been democratically elected and establishment of mechanisms of accountability to local constituents
Panchayats are mentioned in Rig Veda, which is believed to have been composed more than 1000 years before Christ. The five members of the Panchayat of the village were known as Pancha Parameswar, or the five godly persons. Kings were respectful towards them. The Panchayat distributed land, collected revenue and settled disputes in the village. However, the Panchayats suffered a steady decline later under feudal and Moghul rules. A new class of feudal chiefs called zamindars came to function as a link between the king and the people.
Lord Ripon, who is regarded as the father of local-self government in India. He attached importance to both administrative efficiency as well as political Education at the local level.
The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts, 1992, which gave Constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions (PRIs) and Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) respectively, in both letter and spirit in order to bring about greater decentralisation and increase the involvement of the community in planning and implementing schemes and, thus, increase accountability.
The Amendments left important matters such as implementation, service delivery (including local capacity building) and transfer of responsibilities and powers to rural local bodies at the discretion of the state legislatures. Consequently, while expenditure responsibilities of local bodies are extensively enhanced, there is no law to ensure a corresponding assignment of funds to match the additional responsibilities.
The District Planning Committee was made under the Constitution (74th) Amendment Act, 1992. Accordingly, there shall be a District Planning Committee at the district level to consolidate the plans prepared by the Panchayats And Municipalities and to prepare a draft development plan for the district as a whole.
- Village/Ward Committee: Micro visioning & planning – linking vision to individual/family
- Gram Panchayat:Link vision to own responsibility , resources , decide goal & plan
- Intermediate Panchayat:Link vision to own responsibility , resources , decide goal & plan
- Zilla Panchayat:-Link vision to own responsibility , resources , decide goal & plan
- District Planning Committee :Integration & Consolidation
The Eleventh’ Schedule of the Constitution has recommended 29 subjects for devolution to Panchayats. The most important rationale for decentralized planning is direct involvement of the people in addressing their own development. An intervention which has impact only at the local level and can be organized locally is best left to the Panchayat to organize the same.,
Decentralized planning is a process of planning that involves the participation of local people in decision-making. It is based on the idea that local people are best placed to understand their own needs and priorities, and that they should be involved in the development of plans that will affect their lives.
Decentralized planning has a number of advantages. It can help to improve the efficiency of planning by ensuring that plans are tailored to local needs and conditions. It can also help to build local capacity and ownership of development plans. Additionally, decentralized planning can help to promote Democracy and participation by giving local people a voice in decision-making.
There are a number of challenges associated with decentralized planning. One challenge is ensuring that local people have the skills and resources they need to participate in planning. Another challenge is ensuring that plans are implemented effectively. Finally, decentralized planning can be difficult to coordinate across different levels of government.
Despite the challenges, decentralized planning is an important tool for development. It can help to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of planning, and it can promote democracy and participation.
Major initiatives in India for decentralized planning include:
- The Panchayati Raj system: This is a system of Local Government that was established in India in 1992. It provides for the devolution of power to local bodies, such as village councils and district councils.
- The Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY): This is a rural development program that was launched in 2005. It aims to promote decentralized planning and development at the village level.
- The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural EMPLOYMENT Guarantee Act (MGNREGA): This is a national employment guarantee scheme that was launched in 2006. It aims to provide employment to rural people and to promote decentralized planning and development.
The Panchayati Raj system is a three-tier system of local government, with village councils (panchayats) at the lowest level, block panchayats at the intermediate level, and district panchayats at the highest level. The Panchayati Raj system is designed to provide a decentralized framework for planning and development at the local level.
The Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY) is a rural development program that aims to promote decentralized planning and development at the village level. The JGSY provides for the formation of village development committees (VDCs) and village planning committees (VPCs). The VDCs are responsible for preparing village development plans, while the VPCs are responsible for implementing the plans.
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is a national employment guarantee scheme that aims to provide employment to rural people and to promote decentralized planning and development. The MGNREGA provides for the creation of employment opportunities for rural people through the implementation of public works projects. The projects are selected by gram panchayats, which are responsible for implementing the projects and ensuring that they are completed in a timely and efficient manner.
Decentralized planning has been shown to be an effective tool for development in India. The Panchayati Raj system has helped to improve the efficiency of planning by ensuring that plans are tailored to local needs and conditions. The JGSY and MGNREGA have helped to build local capacity and ownership of development plans. Additionally, decentralized planning has helped to promote democracy and participation by giving local people a voice in decision-making.
Despite the challenges, decentralized planning is an important tool for development in India. It can help to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of planning, and it can promote democracy and participation.
Decentralized planning is a process of planning that involves local communities in decision-making. It is based on the idea that local people are best placed to understand their own needs and priorities, and that they should be involved in the development of plans that will affect their lives.
Decentralized planning has a number of advantages. It can help to ensure that plans are more responsive to local needs, and that they are more likely to be implemented successfully. It can also help to build local capacity and ownership of development initiatives.
However, decentralized planning also has some challenges. It can be difficult to ensure that all voices are heard in the planning process, and that plans are not captured by powerful interests. It can also be difficult to coordinate planning across different levels of government.
Despite these challenges, decentralized planning is an important tool for development. It can help to improve the Quality Of Life for people at the local level, and it can help to build a more sustainable and equitable Society.
Here are some frequently asked questions about decentralized planning:
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What is decentralized planning?
Decentralized planning is a process of planning that involves local communities in decision-making. It is based on the idea that local people are best placed to understand their own needs and priorities, and that they should be involved in the development of plans that will affect their lives. -
What are the advantages of decentralized planning?
Decentralized planning has a number of advantages. It can help to ensure that plans are more responsive to local needs, and that they are more likely to be implemented successfully. It can also help to build local capacity and ownership of development initiatives. -
What are the challenges of decentralized planning?
Decentralized planning also has some challenges. It can be difficult to ensure that all voices are heard in the planning process, and that plans are not captured by powerful interests. It can also be difficult to coordinate planning across different levels of government. -
What are some examples of decentralized planning initiatives?
There are many examples of decentralized planning initiatives around the world. One example is the participatory budgeting process that has been used in cities such as Porto Alegre, Brazil. In this process, local residents are involved in setting priorities for how public resources should be spent. Another example is the community development block grant program in the United States. This program provides funding to local governments to support a variety of community development projects. -
What are the future prospects for decentralized planning?
Decentralized planning is likely to become increasingly important in the future. This is because of the growing recognition of the importance of local participation in development, and the need to build local capacity and ownership of development initiatives.
Decentralized Planning : Meaning and importance; and decentralised planning; major initiatives in India
Decentralized planning is a process of planning that involves the participation of local people in decision-making. It is based on the idea that local people are best placed to understand their own needs and priorities, and that they should be involved in the planning process in order to ensure that the plans are relevant and effective.
Decentralized planning has a number of advantages. It can help to improve the efficiency of planning by ensuring that plans are tailored to local needs and conditions. It can also help to build local capacity for planning and development, and to promote participation and ownership of development plans.
Decentralized planning has been implemented in a number of countries, including India. In India, decentralized planning is based on the principle of Panchayati Raj, which is a system of local government that involves elected representatives from villages and towns. Panchayati Raj institutions are responsible for planning and implementing development projects at the local level.
There are a number of major initiatives in India that are based on the principle of decentralized planning. These include the Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY), the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY), and the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA).
The JGSY is a rural development program that aims to improve the quality of life in rural areas. The program provides funding for a range of activities, including the construction of roads, bridges, and other Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE, as well as the provision of drinking water, sanitation, and Health Services.
The PMGSY is a rural roads program that aims to provide all villages in India with access to all-weather roads. The program has been very successful, and has helped to improve connectivity and reduce POVERTY in rural areas.
The MGNREGA is a national employment guarantee program that aims to provide employment to rural households. The program provides 100 days of guaranteed employment to every household that is willing to work. The program has been very successful in reducing poverty and Unemployment in rural areas.
Decentralized planning has been an important part of India’s development strategy. It has helped to improve the efficiency of planning, build local capacity, and promote participation and ownership of development plans. The major initiatives in India that are based on the principle of decentralized planning have been very successful in improving the quality of life in rural areas.
MCQ
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Decentralized planning is a process of planning that involves the participation of:
(a) Local people
(b) Central government
(c) State Government
(d) All of the above -
Decentralized planning has a number of advantages, including:
(a) Improved efficiency
(b) Increased local capacity
(c) Increased participation
(d) All of the above -
Decentralized planning has been implemented in a number of countries, including:
(a) India
(b) China
(c) Brazil
(d) All of the above -
In India, decentralized planning is based on the principle of:
(a) Panchayati Raj
(b) Mandal Panchayats
(c) Zila Parishads
(d) All of the above -
There are a number of major initiatives in India that are based on the principle of decentralized planning, including:
(a) The Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY)
(b) The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)
(c) The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)
(d) All of the above