{"id":15843,"date":"2025-04-20T09:53:50","date_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:53:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/current-affairs\/?p=15843"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:54:08","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:54:08","slug":"transposons","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/current-affairs\/transposons\/","title":{"rendered":"Transposons"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Alzheimer&#8217;s Progression Link:<\/strong> Recent research from UT Health San Antonio suggests that the activation of &#8220;jumping genes&#8221; (transposons) may play a significant role in the progression of Alzheimer&#8217;s disease.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>What are Jumping Genes?<\/strong> Also known as transposons, these are mobile genetic elements that <div class=\"telegram-channel-container\">\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/pscnotes2025\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"telegram-channel-button\">\r\n            <span class=\"telegram-icon\">\r\n                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 496 512\">\r\n                    <path fill=\"white\" d=\"M248,8C111,8,0,119,0,256s111,248,248,248s248-111,248-248S385,8,248,8z M362,177L320,367c-3,14-10,18-20,14l-56-41l-27,26 c-3,3-5,5-10,5l4-63L323,196c5-5-1-7-8-3l-98,62l-42-13c-9-3-10-9,2-14l162-63C351,160,365,164,362,177z\"\/>\r\n                <\/svg>\r\n            <\/span>\r\n            Join Our Telegram Channel\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div> can move within the genome. They make up almost 50% of the human genome. Most are inactive, but some can &#8220;jump,&#8221; leading to genomic instability.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>LINE-1 Retrotransposons:<\/strong> A common type, these replicate through RNA and use reverse transcriptase to integrate into DNA. Their activity is normally controlled, but these controls can weaken in aging or diseased brains.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Mechanism of Damage:<\/strong> When activated, transposons can insert into essential genes, disrupting DNA and causing cellular damage, particularly in vulnerable neurons.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Fruit Fly Experiments:<\/strong> Blocking transposon activity in fruit flies mimicking Alzheimer&#8217;s symptoms using an HIV drug (3TC) improved neural function. 3TC is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, preventing retrotransposon copying.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Human Clinical Trial:<\/strong> While 3TC didn&#8217;t directly improve memory in human patients, it reduced neurofilament light (NfL), a marker <div class=\"youtube-subscribe-container\">\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCNHT8lW-JmLC68rjBfZhdkg?sub_confirmation=1\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"youtube-subscribe-button\">\r\n            <span class=\"youtube-icon\">\r\n                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\">\r\n                    <path d=\"M549.7 124.1c-6.3-23.7-24.8-42.3-48.3-48.6C458.8 64 288 64 288 64S117.2 64 74.6 75.5c-23.5 6.3-42 24.9-48.3 48.6-11.4 42.9-11.4 132.3-11.4 132.3s0 89.4 11.4 132.3c6.3 23.7 24.8 41.5 48.3 47.8C117.2 448 288 448 288 448s170.8 0 213.4-11.5c23.5-6.3 42-24.2 48.3-47.8 11.4-42.9 11.4-132.3 11.4-132.3s0-89.4-11.4-132.3zm-317.5 213.5V175.2l142.7 81.2-142.7 81.2z\"\/>\r\n                <\/svg>\r\n            <\/span>\r\n            Subscribe on YouTube\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div> of neurodegeneration, suggesting neuronal protection.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>New Alzheimer&#8217;s Hypothesis:<\/strong> Alzheimer&#8217;s may be caused by genomic instability from jumping genes, not just protein aggregation (amyloid or tau).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Barbara McClintock Discovery:<\/strong> Jumping genes were discovered by Barbara McClintock, who won the Nobel Prize in 1983 for her work.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Impact on Evolution:<\/strong> Jumping genes contribute to genetic diversity, genome reorganization, and can sometimes trigger diseases by disrupting normal gene function.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alzheimer&#8217;s Progression Link: Recent research from UT Health San Antonio suggests that the activation of &#8220;jumping genes&#8221; (transposons) may play a significant role in the progression of Alzheimer&#8217;s disease. What are Jumping Genes? Also known as transposons, Join Our Telegram Channel these are mobile genetic elements that can move within the genome. They make up &#8230; <a title=\"Transposons\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/current-affairs\/transposons\/\">Read more <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Transposons<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15848,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[595],"tags":[1280],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.2 (Yoast SEO v23.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Transposons - Current Affairs Exam<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/exam.pscnotes.com\/current-affairs\/transposons\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Transposons\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Alzheimer&#8217;s Progression Link: Recent research from UT Health San Antonio suggests that the activation of &#8220;jumping genes&#8221; (transposons) may play a significant role in the progression of Alzheimer&#8217;s disease. 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