TopoMat

Topological materials are a new class of quantum matter exhibiting unique properties: conducting electricity on their surface like a metal but insulating internally like glass.

Discovery & Recognition: Discovered in the late 20th century, groundbreaking work in this field was recognized with the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics.

How They Work: This behavior stems from quantum mechanics, particularly the topology of electronic band structures and spin-orbit coupling. Electrons behave differently on the surface (free-moving) versus the inside (localized).

Mirror Analogy: A mirror, composed of a glass front (insulator) and a metallic back (conductor), helps illustrate this duality.

Quantum Foundation: Understanding topological materials requires quantum mechanics. The UN declared 2025 as the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology.

Significance: These materials hold potential for next-generation electronics, quantum computing, and low-power devices. An example of a chip made from topological material is already released by Microsoft.

Electron Behavior: In metals, electrons are free (“unruly”) forming a “soup” that conducts electricity and reflects light. In insulators, electrons are bound (“shy”), preventing conduction and allowing light to pass through. The behavior decides how light interacts with the materials.