Andhra Pradeshreported 6.74% human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positivity rate among the general Population when the Health department conducted tests on about 7.5 lakh people in 2010-11.
Over 50,000 infections surfaced in these tests. Cut to 2022-23, the state has so far detected about 9,000 HIV infections. This is despite an increase in the number of tests as about 10.5 lakh people have undergone HIV testing this year.
Going by the official data, the positivity rate has been on a consistent downward spiral – from 6.7% in 2010-11 to 3.6% in 2013-14 to 1.95% in 2017-18 to 0.87% in the current year.
Increasing awareness on the disease and its risk factors, testing and Education efforts, prevention measures, viral load suppression through treatment (which reduces transmissibility), use of pre-exposure prophylaxis orPrEPmedications in high-risk groups, etc. might have reduced the positivity rates and cases over the years.
Traditionally, AP is one of the few states having a high HIV prevalence. As a per a reply provided by theNational AIDS Control Organisationin 2021 to a Right To Information (RTI) query, about 3 lakh people of Andhra Pradesh contracted the infection between 2011-2021 by indulging in unprotected sex alone.
The necessity of the PrEP medications in certain groups stems from the fact that the burden of HIV infection is much higher among men having sex with men, transgenders, female sex workers, and people who inject drugs.
As per the official sentinel surveillance data available between 1998 and 2019, HIV prevalence has reduced in all groups except the transgenders.