Bidar: A Legacy of Power, Learning, and Architectural Splendor

The article explores the historical significance of Bidar, a city in Karnataka, India, which served as the capital of the Bahmani Sultanate for over a century. The shift of the capital from Gulbarga to Bidar in 1422 by Ahmad Shah I was a strategic move, offering better administrative control, security due to its hilly terrain, and access to trade routes. Despite facing internal strife, Ahmad Shah I fostered a flourishing intellectual environment, attracting scholars from across the world and establishing the renowned Mahmud Gawan Madrasa. The article highlights the architectural marvels of the Bidar Fort, including the Rangeen Mahal, Takht Mahal, Diwan-e-Aam, and Solah Khamba Masjid, showcasing the fusion of Persian, Arabic, and Indian architectural styles. It also delves into the contributions of Khaja Mahmud Gawan, a prominent minister who introduced administrative reforms, promoted education, and boosted trade during the 15th century. The article concludes by describing the Ashtur Tombs, the royal necropolis of ten Bahmani rulers, showcasing the grandeur of Deccani and Asian art. The article emphasizes the rich history and cultural heritage of Bidar, highlighting its importance as a center of power, learning, and architectural excellence.