Why in News: Revisiting B.R. Ambedkar’s ideas on his 135th birth anniversary offers insights for building an inclusive and just society, especially in relation to Gandhi’s views.
Convergence:
Rejection of Violent Revolution: Both opposed communism’s violence and class struggle, favoring non-violent means for social change.
Emphasis on Human Dignity and Social Justice: Both aimed for a just society with compassion. Gandhi focused on Sarvodaya, Ambedkar on Bahujan Hitay.
Role of Ethics: Initially critical, Ambedkar later recognized the importance of individual morality, similar to Gandhi’s Swaraj.
Differences:
Caste: Ambedkar sought the total annihilation of caste, criticizing Hindu texts legitimizing oppression. Gandhi acknowledged harm caused by the caste system but supported a reformed Varna system early on and later advocated for its abolishment
Separate Electorates: Ambedkar supported separate electorates for Dalits for political representation, while Gandhi opposed, fearing societal division. The Poona Pact resulted in reserved seats within joint electorates.
Religion: Ambedkar converted to Buddhism, viewing Hinduism as discriminatory. Gandhi advocated Sarva Dharma Sambhava (equal respect for all religions).
Means of Social Transformation: Ambedkar favored legal and constitutional means. Gandhi emphasized personal morality, non-violence, and spiritual awakening.
Economic Models: Ambedkar advocated for state socialism and economic rights. Gandhi favored trusteeship, small-scale industries, and Swadeshi.
Ambedkar’s views on untouchables: he considered it a political question
Main Bone of contention: Status of ‘Untouchables’ between Gandhi and Ambedkar
Gandhi’s view on swaraj: Gandhi viewed swaraj as moral and ethical freedom at the level of each individual
