<<–2/”>a >p class=”cs40314EBF”>Concept Of Social Legislation
- Legislation is an instrument to control, guide and restrain the behaviour of individuals and groups living in Society. Individuals and groups left in absolute freedom may clash with each other in the pursuit of their self interest at the cost of others.They cause grave harm to society leading to chaos. Legislation is one of the many institutions which controls and directs individual action into desirable channels.
- Others being social customs, traditions, religious prescription etc. Law is a vast subject having many branches. In a broad sense, all laws are social in character, in a narrow sense only those laws that are enacted for the purpose of social welfare are categorized as social legislation. There are several types of legislations such as Taxation, corporate, civil, criminal, commercial etc.
- Social legislation is that branch of law which is an aggregate of the laws relating to the various socio- economic condition of the people. It is a social institution that embodies the social norms created on the initiative of a competent legislative agency. These laws are enacted keeping in view the needs of the time, the circumstances of the nation and its socio-political ideals.
OBJECTIVES OF SOCIAL LEGISLATION :
- Social legislation derives its inspiration from our constitution and has the following specific objectives: i)Removal of discrimination on the grounds of sex, religion, caste, class etc. and promotion of Equality to all. ii)Safeguard the rights of the weaker section such as Women, children, elderly, widows, destitute and the backward classes. iii)Eradication of traditional malpractices and social evils such as untouchability, dowry, child marriage, female infanticide etc. iv)Provision of social security.
AIM OF SOCIAL LEGISLATION :
- To change and reorganize society by improving its social and economic condition. Each individual of the society has to be given equal rights and equal opportunities. Social legislation aims to address social problems through legislative means, and initiates process of social reform and Social Change based on Sound social rules. Since the process of social change in fast social legislation also provides desired direction to changes.
NEEDS FOR SOCIAL LEGISLATION :
- to ensure social Justice, to bring about social reform, to promote social welfare, to bring about desired social change, to protect and promote of rights of socioeconomically disadvantaged groups of the society.
NATURE OF LEGISLATION IN WELFARE STATE:
- Women welfare Child welfare Schedule caste development Welfare of OBC Welfare of disable person Labour Welfare Housing welfare
Child welfare:
- After the formation of legislation, Child Labour act-1986 was come into force. According to which no child below the age of 14 years should work in any hazardous place. In July 2006, the Indian Govt. brought an amendment according to which, “no child below the age of 14 should work in any hazardous place or in dhaba, hotels as servant or work as a domestic servant. The Juvenile Justice Act, 2001 said that if a child below the age of 14 saw any deviant behavior shouldn’t be punished & treat friendly behavior in adjudication.
Women welfare:
- The total workforce in our country is about 314 million, out of which women constitute 90 million & man 224 million. To maintain the dignity of women, equality of sexes & establishment of special justice, women welfare programmes such as Janani Suraksha Yojana, MCH, Maternity Benefit Leave, ICDS, formation of SHG, micro finance are some of the keys which has provided welfare majors to the women.
Schedule Caste development:
- The Ministry of social justice & Empowerment is the nodal ministry that overseas the interest of the schedule caste. Besides this the national commission has been set-up to look-after the interest of SCs & STs under ARTICLE 338. To achieve their social development to protect them from exploitation, The Protection Of Civil Rights Act, 1995, the SC & ST Act 1989 were enacted. Article 330 for reservation of SC & ST, Article 15 for abolition of untouchablity is ensured by the legislation.
Welfare of disable person:
- The Comprehensive Law namely the equal opportunity, protection of rights & full participation act-1995 has been enacted & enforced in February 1996. The Mental Health Act 1987 & Lapers Act 1898 are working for the prevention & promotional aspects of the disable persons.
Labour welfare:
- The International Labour Organization (ILO) was set-up in 1919, as a part of the League of Nations for the promotion of Universal Peace through social justice. The study group of ‘National Commission’ on Labour on 2002 has brought out the new changes and welfare majors for women, children & self employed workers who work as labourer.
THE CONTRACT LABOUR (REGULATIONAND ABOLITION)ACT, 1970:
- The Objective of the Contract Labour Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970 is to prevent exploitation of contract labour and also to introduce better conditions of work. A workman is deemed to be employed as Contract Labour when he is hired in connection with the work of an establishment by or through a Contractor.
EMPLOYEES’ STATE INSURANCE ACT, 1948 :
- The promulgation of Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948 envisaged an integrated need based social insurance scheme that would protect the interest of workers in contingencies such as sickness, maternity, temporary or permanent physical disablement, and death due to EMPLOYMENT injury resulting in loss of wages or earning capacity. The Act also guarantees reasonably good medical care to workers and their immediate dependants.
EQUAL REMUNERATIONACT, 1976 :
- The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 aims to provide for the payment of equal remuneration to men and women workers and for the prevention of discrimination, on the ground of sex, against women in the matter of employment and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
MATERNITYBENEFIT (AMENDMENT)ACT, 2017 :
- The Ministry of Labour and Employment, Government of India (“Ministry of Labour”) vide Official Gazette notification dated 31 March 2017 has appointed 1 April 2017 as the date on which the Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act 2017 (“MB Amendment Act”) has come into force. However, the relevant provision on the “work from home” option will come into effect from 1 July 2017.
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Social welfare legislations in India are a broad range of laws and policies that are designed to promote the welfare of the people. Some of the key sub-topics that fall under this umbrella include social security, public health, Education, housing, Food Security, employment, women’s rights, children’s rights, disability rights, senior citizens’ rights, environmental protection, Consumer protection, labor rights, and indigenous rights.
The government of India has enacted a wide range of laws and policies in these areas, and it continues to work to improve the lives of its citizens. Some of the most important social welfare legislations in India include the following:
- The Employees’ Provident Fund Act, 1952: This act provides for the establishment of provident funds for the benefit of employees.
- The Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948: This act provides for the establishment of state insurance schemes for the benefit of employees.
- The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961: This act provides for maternity benefits to women employees.
- The Payment of Bonus Act, 1965: This act provides for the payment of bonus to employees.
- The Minimum Wages Act, 1948: This act provides for the fixation of minimum wages for employees.
- The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976: This act provides for equal remuneration for men and women employees.
- The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986: This act prohibits the employment of children in certain hazardous occupations and regulates their employment in other occupations.
- The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009: This act provides for free and compulsory education to all children aged 6 to 14 years.
- The National Food Security Act, 2013: This act provides for food security to all households below the POVERTY line.
- The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY): This scheme aims to provide financial Services to the poor, including bank accounts, insurance, and pensions.
- The Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY): This scheme aims to provide skill training to the youth.
- The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY): This scheme aims to provide affordable housing to the poor.
These are just some of the most important social welfare legislations in India. The government of India has enacted a wide range of laws and policies in these areas, and it continues to work to improve the lives of its citizens.
The impact of these social welfare legislations has been significant. They have helped to improve the lives of millions of people in India. They have helped to reduce poverty, improve education, provide healthcare, and create jobs. They have also helped to protect the Environment and promote Sustainable Development.
However, there are still many challenges that need to be addressed. India is still a developing country, and there are still many people who live in poverty. The government needs to continue to work to improve the lives of its citizens. It needs to invest in education, healthcare, and Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE. It also needs to create more jobs and opportunities for its people.
Despite the challenges, India is making progress. The government is committed to improving the lives of its citizens, and it is making progress in many areas. The social welfare legislations that have been enacted have had a positive impact on the lives of millions of people. The government needs to continue to work to improve the lives of its citizens, and it is making progress in many areas.
What are social welfare legislations?
Social welfare legislations are laws that are designed to protect and improve the well-being of individuals and families. They can cover a wide range of issues, such as education, healthcare, housing, and employment.
What are the objectives of social welfare legislations?
The objectives of social welfare legislations can vary depending on the specific law. However, some common objectives include:
- To provide a safety net for individuals and families who are unable to meet their basic needs
- To promote social and economic equality
- To protect the rights of vulnerable groups
- To promote social cohesion and integration
What are some examples of social welfare legislations in India?
Some examples of social welfare legislations in India include:
- The Right to Education Act, 2009
- The National Food Security Act, 2013
- The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005
- The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, 2014
- The Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana, 2015
What are the benefits of social welfare legislations?
Social welfare legislations can provide a number of benefits, including:
- Improved access to education, healthcare, and other essential services
- Increased social and economic equality
- Reduced poverty and inequality
- Improved social cohesion and integration
- Increased individual and family well-being
What are the challenges of social welfare legislations?
Social welfare legislations can face a number of challenges, including:
- Lack of funding
- Lack of coordination between different government agencies
- Corruption
- Lack of awareness among beneficiaries
- Lack of political will
What is the future of social welfare legislations in India?
The future of social welfare legislations in India is uncertain. However, there are a number of factors that could influence their development, such as the country’s economic Growth, the political Climate, and the changing needs of the Population.
Question 1
Which of the following is not a social welfare legislation in India?
(A) The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955
(B) The Hindu SUCCESSION Act, 1956
(C) The Indian Divorce Act, 1869
(D) The Special Marriage Act, 1954
Answer
(C) The Indian Divorce Act, 1869
Explanation
The Indian Divorce Act, 1869 is a law that governs divorce in India. It is a secular law, which means that it applies to all religions. The Act allows for divorce on the grounds of adultery, cruelty, desertion, and insanity.
The other three Acts are all social welfare legislations. The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 governs marriage among Hindus. The Hindu Succession Act, 1956 governs inheritance among Hindus. The Special Marriage Act, 1954 is a secular law that governs marriage between people of different religions.
Question 2
Which of the following is not a goal of social welfare legislation?
(A) To provide for the basic needs of the people
(B) To promote social justice
(C) To protect the rights of the vulnerable
(D) To promote Economic Development
Answer
(D) To promote economic development
Explanation
The goal of social welfare legislation is to provide for the basic needs of the people, promote social justice, and protect the rights of the vulnerable. Economic development is not a goal of social welfare legislation.
Question 3
Which of the following is not a social welfare program in India?
(A) The Public Distribution System
(B) The Mid-Day Meal Scheme
(C) The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
(D) The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
Answer
(D) The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
Explanation
The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana is a Financial Inclusion program that aims to provide Banking services to the poor. It is not a social welfare program.
The other three programs are all social welfare programs. The Public Distribution System is a food security program that provides subsidized food grains to the poor. The Mid-Day Meal Scheme is a school feeding program that provides free meals to school children. The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act is a rural employment program that guarantees 100 days of employment to every rural household.
Question 4
Which of the following is not a criticism of social welfare legislation?
(A) It is expensive
(B) It is inefficient
(C) It creates a culture of dependency
(D) It is not effective in reducing poverty
Answer
(B) It is efficient
Explanation
One of the criticisms of social welfare legislation is that it is inefficient. This means that it does not achieve its goals in a cost-effective manner.
The other three criticisms are valid criticisms of social welfare legislation. Social welfare legislation can be expensive, it can create a culture of dependency, and it may not be effective in reducing poverty.
Question 5
Which of the following is not a benefit of social welfare legislation?
(A) It can reduce poverty
(B) It can improve health and education
(C) It can promote social justice
(D) It can create a culture of dependency
Answer
(D) It can create a culture of dependency
Explanation
One of the benefits of social welfare legislation is that it can reduce poverty. This is because social welfare programs can provide financial assistance to the poor, which can help them to meet their basic needs.
The other three benefits are also valid benefits of social welfare legislation. Social welfare legislation can improve health and education by providing access to healthcare and education to the poor. It can promote social justice by protecting the rights of the vulnerable.
Question 6
Which of the following is not a challenge of social welfare legislation?
(A) It can be expensive
(B) It can be difficult to administer
(C) It can be subject to corruption
(D) It can be ineffective in reducing poverty
Answer
(C) It can be subject to corruption
Explanation
One of the challenges of social welfare legislation is that it can be difficult to administer. This is because social welfare programs often require a large Bureaucracy to administer them.
The other three challenges are also valid challenges of social welfare legislation. Social welfare legislation can be expensive, it can be ineffective in reducing poverty, and it can be difficult to administer.