Notes and Study material for Exams
Amendments Amendments to the Constitution are made by the Parliament, the procedure for which is laid out in ARTICLE 368. An amendment bill must be passed by both the Houses of the Parliament by a two-thirds majority and voting. In addition to this, certain amendments which pertain to the federal nature of the Constitution must … Read more
Basic Structure The Basic Structure Doctrine is an Indian judicial principle that the Constitution of India has certain basic features that cannot be altered or destroyed through amendments by the parliament. Key among these “basic features”, are the Fundamental Rights granted to individuals by the constitution. The doctrine thus forms the basis of a limited … Read more
Constitution Constitution is the fundamental law of a country which ordains the fundamental principles on which the government (or the governance) of that country is based. It lays down the framework and principal functions of various organs of the government as well as the modalities of interaction between the government and its citizens. With the … Read more
Fundamental Rights Discrimination not on grounds only of Art 15: religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth Art 16: religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, residence Reservation First Backward Classes Commission: 1953, Kaka Kalelkar Second BCC: 1979, B P Mandal (by Morarji Desai govt) ARTICLE 340 Reasonable Restrictions Speech and Expression: Sovereignty and … Read more
Governor Same person can be appointed the governor of two or more states Appointed by the President May resign by writing to the President Qualification Citizen of India 35 years of age Art 161: Pardon for any offence against a law relating to a matter to which the executive power of the state extends Constitution … Read more
Making of The Constitution 1934: Idea of constituent assembly put forward by M N Roy 1935: INC officially demands constituent assembly 1938: JL Nehru’s declaration on the constitution of India 1940: Nehru’s demand accepted in the form of August Offer August Offer PM: Winston Churchill While rejecting INCs demand for independence of India after the … Read more
The Foundation of Equality: A Deep Dive into Fundamental Rights (Articles 12-35) of the Indian Constitution The Indian Constitution, a beacon of liberty and justice, stands as a testament to the nation’s commitment to safeguarding the fundamental rights of its citizens. Part III of this landmark document, encompassing Articles 12 to 35, lays the bedrock … Read more
The Significance of Directive Principles: A Guiding Light for India’s Socio-Economic Development The Indian Constitution, a landmark document crafted in the aftermath of colonial rule, stands as a testament to the nation’s aspirations for a just and equitable society. While the Fundamental Rights enshrined in Part III of the Constitution guarantee individual liberties and freedoms, … Read more
The Guiding Light: Socialistic Directive Principles in the Indian Constitution The Indian Constitution, a testament to the nation’s commitment to social justice and economic equality, stands as a beacon of hope for millions. Within its framework, enshrined alongside fundamental rights, lie the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP). These principles, often referred to as the … Read more
The Constitutional Discretion of the Governor: A Balancing Act of Power and Responsibility The Governor, as the chief executive of a state, occupies a pivotal position within the American federal system. Beyond their administrative duties, Governors wield significant constitutional discretion, a power that allows them to shape policy, respond to crises, and influence the direction … Read more