Notes and Study material for Exams
E-Governance: Transforming Governance for a Digital Age The digital revolution has swept across every facet of our lives, from communication and commerce to education and healthcare. Governments, too, are embracing the transformative power of technology, ushering in a new era of e-governance. This paradigm shift involves leveraging information and communication technologies (ICT) to enhance public … Read more
The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts, 1992, which gave Constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions (PRIs) and Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) respectively, in both letter and spirit in order to bring about greater decentralisation and increase the involvement of the community in planning and implementing schemes and, thus, increase accountability. The Amendments left important … Read more
The Environment Protection Act is an important legislation that provides for coordination of activities of the various regulatory agencies, creation of authorities with adequate powers for environmental protection, regulation of the discharge of environmental pollutants, handling of hazardous substances, etc. The Act provided an opportunity to extend legal protection to non-forest habitats (‘Ecologically Sensitive Areas’) … Read more
Indian Constitution though originally had eight schedules at its commencements, Four more schedules were added by different amendments acts of the constitution, now making a total tally of twelve. Schedules are basically tables which contains additional details not mentioned in the articles. The post gives a brief idea about all the 12 Schedules of Indian Constitution. … Read more
Civil and Criminal laws: hierarchy of civil and criminal courts in India Courts and Justice system in India The courts are divided into three categories with top court, middle court and lower court. The top court is named as The Supreme Court, while the middle court is named as High Court, and the … Read more
Union Judiciary : The Supreme Court ; its role and powers The Supreme Court is the highest court of The Indian Republic. Judiciary, the third organ of the government, has an important role to play in the governance. It settles the disputes, interprets laws, protects Fundamental Rights and acts as guardian of the Constitution. India … Read more
Provisions of SC/ST Atricities act, The Scheduled Castes and Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted to prevent atrocities against scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. The Act is popularly known as POA, the SC/ST Act, the Prevention of Atrocities Act, or simply the Atrocities Act. ARTICLE 17 … Read more
The Right to Education: A Cornerstone of a Just Society (Article 21A) Introduction Education is the bedrock of a thriving society. It empowers individuals, fosters economic growth, and promotes social justice. Recognizing its paramount importance, the Indian Constitution, through the 86th Amendment Act of 2002, enshrined the Right to Education (RTE) as a fundamental right … Read more
Protection to Women Women Under Indian Constitution & Criminal Law (Under Indian Constitution Law and Criminal Procedure Code) Violence against women is present in every country, cutting across boundaries of culture, class, Education, income, ethnicity and age. Since time immemorial India is · particularly a male dominated Society and prevalence of illiteracy among women has … Read more
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY LAW INCLUDING CYBER LAWS (CONCEPTS, PURPOSE, PROSPECTS) In India, cyber laws are contained in the Information Technology Act, 2000 (“IT Act”) which came into force on October 17, 2000. The main purpose of the Act is to provide legal recognition to electronic commerce and to facilitate filing of electronic records with the Government. … Read more