Notes and Study material for Exams
Natural Resources are useful raw materials that we get from the Earth. They occur naturally, which means that humans cannot make Natural Resources. Instead, we use and modify natural resources in ways that are beneficial to us. The materials used in human-made objects are natural resources. Coal reserves : India has the fifth largest coal reserves in … Read more
Variance Variance (σ2) in statistics is a measurement of the spread between numbers in a data set. That is, it measures how far each number in the set is from the mean and therefore from every other number in the set. In investing, the variance of the returns among assets in a portfolio is analyzed … Read more
Concept of Biotechnology The term ‘Biotechnology’ may Sound futuristic, but it is nearly as old as civilization itself. We have begun growing crops and raising animals 10,000 years ago to provide a stable supply of food and clothing. We have been using the biological processes of Microorganisms for 6,000 years to make useful food products … Read more
Terminology related with Sound Amplitude Amplitude, the maximum displacement or distance moved by a point on a vibrating body or wave measured from its equilibrium position. It is equal to one-half the length of the vibration path. The amplitude of a pendulum is thus one-half the distance that the bob traverses in moving from one … Read more
Periodic Table and periodicity Criteria for a new element discovery Assessing if an element has been “discovered” is not a simple task. While reviewing the discovery profiles of the transfermium Elements in the early 90s’, IUPAC and IUPAP set up to establish a series of criteria that must be satisfied for the discovery of an … Read more
HORMONES Hormones are chemical messengers that are secreted directly into the blood, which carries them to organs and Tissues of the body to exert their functions. There are many types of hormones that act on different aspects of bodily functions and processes. Some of these include: Development and Growth Metabolism of food items Sexual function … Read more
Measurement of any physical quantity involves comparison with a certain basic, arbitrarily chosen, internationally accepted reference standard called unit. The result of a measurement of a physical quantity is expressed by a number (or numerical measure) accompanied by a unit. A unit of measurement is a definite magnitude of a quantity, defined and adopted by … Read more
Different types of Cell A primary cell or battery is one that cannot easily be recharged after one use, and are discarded following discharge. Most primary cells utilize electrolytes that are contained within absorbent material or a separator and are thus termed dry cells. A secondary cell or battery is one that can be electrically … Read more
Probability Probability is simply how likely something is to happen. Whenever we’re unsure about the outcome of an event, we can talk about the probabilities of certain outcomes—how likely they are. The analysis of events governed by probability is called statistics. Tossing a Coin When a coin is tossed, there are two possible outcomes: heads … Read more
Valency Valency of an element is a measure of its combining power with other atoms when it forms chemical compounds or Molecules. The combining power, or affinity of an atom of a given element is determined by the number of hydrogen atoms that it combines with. In methane, carbon has a valence of 4; in … Read more