Notes and Study material for Exams
A Legacy of Protection: The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and its Impact on India The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (EPA, 1986) stands as a landmark legislation in India’s environmental history. Enacted in the wake of the Bhopal gas tragedy, it marked a decisive shift in the country’s approach towards environmental protection, moving beyond fragmented sectoral … Read more
Unveiling the Tapestry of Biodiversity: A Deep Dive into Beta Diversity Biodiversity, the intricate web of life on Earth, is a multifaceted concept encompassing the variety of life forms, their genetic diversity, and the ecosystems they inhabit. While alpha diversity focuses on species richness within a single community, beta diversity delves into the differences in … Read more
The Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) is a vast and complex region that plays a vital role in the Indian climate. The IHR is home to a wide range of ecosystems, including mountains, forests, glaciers, and rivers. These ecosystems provide a range of essential services, such as water supply, flood control, and climate regulation. The IHR … Read more
Unveiling the Rich Tapestry of Biodiversity: A Deep Dive into Alpha Diversity The natural world is a symphony of life, a vibrant tapestry woven from countless species interacting in intricate ecosystems. Understanding the diversity of these ecosystems is crucial for conservation efforts, ecological research, and even human well-being. One key metric in this quest for … Read more
The Urban Services Environmental Rating System (USERS): A Framework for Sustainable Urban Development The rapid urbanization of the 21st century presents a complex challenge: how to create thriving, equitable, and environmentally sustainable cities. While cities are engines of economic growth and innovation, they also contribute significantly to environmental degradation, resource depletion, and social inequality. To … Read more
The Kigali Agreement: A Global Effort to Combat Climate Change Through HFC Phase-Down The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, commonly known as the Kigali Agreement, stands as a landmark achievement in the global fight against climate change. This international treaty, adopted in 2016, commits countries to phasing down the production and consumption of hydrofluorocarbons … Read more
India: A Tapestry of Animal Diversity India, a land of vibrant cultures and breathtaking landscapes, is also a treasure trove of biodiversity. Its diverse ecosystems, ranging from snow-capped mountains to lush rainforests, support a staggering array of animal life, making it one of the world’s 17 megadiverse countries. This article delves into the fascinating world … Read more
Unveiling the Tapestry of Biodiversity: A Deep Dive into Species Evenness Biodiversity, the intricate web of life on Earth, is a cornerstone of our planet’s health and resilience. It encompasses the vast array of species, their genetic diversity, and the ecosystems they inhabit. While species richness, the number of species present in a given area, … Read more
Combustion/Incineration Combustion is a chemical reaction that occurs between a fuel and an oxidizer, releasing heat and light. The most common type of combustion is the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas. Combustion is also used in many industrial processes, such as the production of electricity and the manufacture of … Read more
Government Measures to Prevent the Menace of Wild Animal Entry into Human Habitats: A Balancing Act Between Conservation and Safety The increasing encroachment of human settlements into natural habitats has led to a growing conflict between humans and wildlife. This conflict manifests in various forms, from crop raiding and livestock predation to the spread of … Read more