Notes and Study material for Exams
Black Carbon: A Tiny Particle with a Big Impact Black carbon (BC) is a ubiquitous and potent air pollutant, a product of incomplete combustion processes. It’s a complex mixture of elemental carbon and other organic compounds, appearing as a dark, sooty substance. While invisible to the naked eye, its impact on human health, climate change, … Read more
The Himalayan Mountain System: A Colossus of Nature The Himalayan mountain system, a majestic tapestry of snow-capped peaks, deep valleys, and vibrant ecosystems, stands as a testament to the Earth’s dynamic geological processes. Stretching across five countries â India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, and Pakistan â the Himalayas are not merely a geographical feature but a … Read more
UN-REDD Programme: A Global Effort to Combat Deforestation and Climate Change The world faces a pressing challenge: deforestation and forest degradation are accelerating, contributing significantly to climate change and threatening biodiversity. Recognizing the urgency of this issue, the United Nations launched the UN-REDD Programme in 2008, aiming to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation … Read more
Here is a list of subtopics on carbon trading: Carbon credit Carbon offset Carbon market Clean Development Mechanism Emission trading system Kyoto Protocol Voluntary carbon market Cap and trade Offset project Project-based mechanism Renewable energy credits Social cost of carbon Sustainable development Voluntary emissions reductions World Bank’s Prototype Carbon Fund Carbon trading is a market-based … Read more
Preserving Nature’s Tapestry: A Deep Dive into Conservation Reserves and Community Reserves The Earth’s biodiversity is a precious resource, a complex tapestry woven from countless species and ecosystems. However, this intricate web is under increasing pressure from human activities, leading to habitat loss, species extinction, and a decline in ecosystem services. To address this crisis, … Read more
Traffic: The Wildlife Trade Monitoring Network – A Vital Watchdog in the Fight Against Illegal Wildlife Trade The illegal wildlife trade is a multi-billion dollar industry, fueled by insatiable demand for exotic pets, traditional medicine ingredients, and luxury goods. This illicit trade poses a significant threat to biodiversity, driving countless species towards extinction and undermining … Read more
Land Resources Management Land and water have been the basic Elements of life support system on our planet since the dawn of civilization. All great civilizations, flourished where these resources were available in plenty and they declined or perished with the depletion of these resources. In recent years, the land resource has been … Read more
The Role of Polar Stratospheric Clouds in Ozone Depletion: A Catalyst for Chemical Reactions The Earth’s ozone layer, located in the stratosphere, plays a crucial role in protecting life on Earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. However, this protective shield has been facing a significant threat from human-induced chemical reactions, leading to … Read more
Natural Vegetation of India Forests – Natural Vegetation of India:Types and distribution types Climate, Soil and topographyare the major factors that influence Natural Vegetation of a place. The main climatic factors arerainfall and temperature. The amount of annual rainfall has a great bearing on the type of vegetation. Annual Rainfall Type of Vegetation 200 … Read more
Difference between normal and anthropogenic acidified lakes Acidification of lakes is a serious environmental problem that can have a devastating impact on aquatic ecosystems. There are two main types of lake acidification: natural and anthropogenic. Natural acidification occurs when rainwater reacts with minerals in the soil and rocks, releasing acids into the water. This process … Read more