Notes and Study material for Exams
The NagoyaÂKuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-Sharing to the Convention on Biological Diversity is an international agreement that was adopted on 29 October 2010. The Protocol aims to promote the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources. The Protocol has 10 sub-topics: Objective Scope … Read more
The Convention on Biological Diversity: A Global Pact for Life on Earth The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), adopted in 1992 at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, is a landmark international agreement that aims to conserve biological diversity, use its components sustainably, and share the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources. … Read more
Rio+20: A Legacy of Promise and Progress, but Challenges Remain Twenty years after the landmark Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, the world convened again in 2012 for Rio+20, the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development. This gathering aimed to assess progress made on sustainable development goals and chart a new course for the future. … Read more
The Johannesburg Summit: A Turning Point for Sustainable Development? The Johannesburg Summit on Sustainable Development, officially known as the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), took place in Johannesburg, South Africa, from August 26 to September 4, 2002. It was a landmark event, bringing together world leaders, government officials, civil society representatives, and business leaders … Read more
Rio+5: A Look Back at the 1997 Special Session of the UN General Assembly The year 1997 marked a significant milestone in the global environmental movement. Five years after the landmark Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, the United Nations convened a Special Session of the General Assembly, aptly named Rio+5, to assess the progress … Read more
Agenda 21 for Culture: A Framework for Sustainable Cultural Development Introduction The concept of sustainable development, with its emphasis on balancing economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection, has gained global prominence. While the focus often rests on environmental sustainability, the cultural dimension of sustainable development is equally crucial. Agenda 21, the landmark document adopted … Read more
Agenda 21: A Blueprint for Sustainable Development in the 21st Century Introduction Agenda 21, a comprehensive blueprint for sustainable development, emerged from the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro, also known as the Earth Summit. This landmark document, adopted by 178 nations, laid out a framework for achieving … Read more
Local Agenda 21: A Framework for Sustainable Development at the Local Level Introduction The concept of sustainable development, encompassing economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection, has gained global recognition. While international agreements and national policies play a crucial role in achieving sustainability, the implementation of these goals ultimately rests on the shoulders of local … Read more
The Earth Summit: A Turning Point in Global Environmental Governance The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the Earth Summit, was a landmark event held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from June 3 to 14, 1992. It brought together over 170 nations, thousands of NGOs, and representatives from various sectors … Read more
Here is a list of subtopics on international conventions: Arbitration Arms control Banking Civil aviation Climate change Commerce Communications Copyright Crime Customs Disarmament Environment Fisheries Health Human rights Intellectual property Investment Labour Law of the sea Migration Nuclear energy Peacekeeping Refugees Space law Standards Taxation Trade Transport Travel Water resources Women’s rights Youth I hope … Read more