Notes and Study material for Exams
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was an international agreement that regulated international trade. It was signed in 1947 and came into effect in 1948. The GATT was replaced by the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995. The GATT was a multilateral agreement, which means that it was signed by multiple countries. The … Read more
The following are the subtopics of National Treatment: Definition History WTO Agreement on Trade in Goods WTO Agreement on Trade in Services GATS National Treatment Commitments Exceptions to National Treatment Enforcement of National Treatment The Future of National Treatment Definition National treatment is a principle of international trade law that requires countries to treat imported … Read more
Here is a list of subtopics on Most Favoured Nation (MFN): MFN treatment MFN clause MFN principle MFN tariff MFN exception MFN reciprocity MFN negotiations MFN dispute settlement MFN implementation MFN impact MFN criticisms MFN alternatives MFN future Most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment is a principle in international law by which a country is obligated to treat … Read more
The principles of the World Trade Organization (WTO) are: Non-discrimination: All WTO members are treated equally. Reciprocity: WTO members must give and take in equal measure. Transparency: WTO members must publish their trade laws and policies. Predictability: WTO members must not change their trade laws and policies without good reason. SovereigntySovereignty: WTO members retain the … Read more
The structure of the World Trade Organization (WTO) is as follows: Ministerial Conference: The highest decision-making body of the WTO, which meets at least once every two years. General Council: The main decision-making body of the WTO between Ministerial Conferences. Dispute Settlement Body: The body responsible for settling disputes between WTO members. Trade Policy Review … Read more
The objectives of the WTO are: To help trade flow smoothly, freely, fairly and predictably. To reduce tariffs and other trade barriers. To eliminate discriminatory treatment in international trade. To provide a forum for trade negotiations. To settle trade disputes. To promote cooperation in trade policy between governments. To assist developing and least-developed countries in … Read more
The following are the subtopics of the Evolution of WTO: The GATT and its predecessors The Uruguay Round The Doha Round The WTO’s current agenda The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was established in 1947 with the goal of promoting trade LiberalizationLiberalization. The GATT was a multilateral agreement between 23 countries, and it … Read more
The G7 is a group of seven major industrialized democracies: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The G7 was founded in 1975 as the G6, with the addition of Canada in 1976. The G7 meets annually to discuss economic and political issues of common interest. The G7 has been … Read more
Here is a list of subtopics without any description for World Trade Organization: Agreement on Agriculture Agreement on Anti-Dumping Agreement on Customs Valuation Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 Agreement on Preshipment Inspection Agreement on Rules of Origin Agreement on Safeguards … Read more
The G20 is an international forum for the governments and central bank governors of 20 major economies. The forum was established in 1999 to discuss major issues related to the global economy. The G20 members are Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, … Read more