Polity of Bihar Notes for State PSC Exams

Explore the political landscape of Bihar, detailing its governance structure, legislative framework, and key political developments. Learn about the state’s administrative divisions, major political parties, and influential leaders. Understand how Bihar’s polity shapes its policy-making and impacts its socio-economic progress.

  1. 1. What is the structure of government in Bihar?

Bihar follows a parliamentary system of government, which is a part of the larger framework of the Indian political system. It has a bicameral legislature consisting of:

  • Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha): The lower house, directly elected by the people, with a maximum strength of 243 members.
  • Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad): The upper house, with a maximum strength of 75 members, who are elected indirectly.
  1. Who is the head of the state and the head of the government in Bihar?
  • The Governor is the constitutional head of the state, appointed by the President of India.
  • The Chief Minister is the head of the government, leading the Council of Ministers and responsible for the administration of the state.
  1. How many districts are there in Bihar?
  • As of 2024, Bihar has 38 districts.
  1. What are the main political parties in Bihar?
  • The major political parties in Bihar are:
    • Janata Dal (United) (JD(U))
    • Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD)
    • Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
    • Indian National Congress (INC)
    • Lok Janshakti Party (LJP)
  1. What is the role of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in Bihar?
  • Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) are the local self-government bodies in rural Bihar. They operate at three levels:
    • Gram Panchayat (village level)
    • Panchayat Samiti (block level)
    • Zila Parishad (district level) PRIs play a crucial role in rural development, empowering local communities and ensuring their participation in decision-making processes.
  1. What are some important constitutional amendments related to Bihar?
  • The Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000: This act led to the creation of Jharkhand from the southern part of Bihar.
  • 97th Amendment Act, 2011: This amendment granted constitutional status and protection to cooperative societies, including those in Bihar.
  1. What are some current political issues in Bihar?
  • Some of the current political issues in Bihar include:
    • Caste-based politics: Caste plays a significant role in Bihar politics, often influencing electoral outcomes and government policies.
    • Law and order: Maintaining law and order has been a challenge in the state, with incidents of crime and violence reported regularly.
    • Development and infrastructure: The state government is focusing on improving infrastructure and promoting development in various sectors.
    • Education and health: Bihar faces challenges in providing quality education and healthcare to its people.
    • Political alliances and realignments: The political landscape in Bihar is dynamic, with frequent changes in alliances and coalitions among different parties.

 

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