Behdienkhlam: A Dance of Purification and Celebration in Meghalaya
Nestled amidst the lush green hills of Meghalaya, a state in Northeast India, lies a vibrant cultural tapestry woven with ancient traditions and captivating festivals. Among these, the Behdienkhlam festival stands out as a testament to the rich heritage and unwavering faith of the Pnar tribe, who celebrate it with unparalleled fervor and devotion. This article delves into the fascinating world of Behdienkhlam, exploring its history, rituals, significance, and the cultural impact it holds.
A Glimpse into the Past: Origins and History
Behdienkhlam, meaning “the dance of the stones” in the Pnar language, is a vibrant and ancient festival celebrated by the Pnar tribe, primarily in the Jaintia Hills region of Meghalaya. Its origins are shrouded in folklore and legend, passed down through generations. One popular narrative recounts the story of a powerful deity named “U Lei Shyllong,” who was believed to have descended from the heavens to protect the Pnar people from evil spirits and diseases.
The festival is said to have originated as a ritualistic dance performed to appease U Lei Shyllong and seek his blessings for a bountiful harvest and the well-being of the community. Over time, the ritualistic dance evolved into a grand celebration, incorporating elements of music, dance, and elaborate costumes.
The Essence of Behdienkhlam: Rituals and Significance
Behdienkhlam is a multi-day festival, typically celebrated in the month of July, coinciding with the monsoon season. The festival unfolds in a series of elaborate rituals and ceremonies, each carrying profound significance and symbolic meaning.
1. The Preparation:
The festival begins with the preparation of the “khnong,” a towering structure made of bamboo and adorned with colorful fabrics, flowers, and other decorative elements. Each village constructs its own khnon, representing the deity U Lei Shyllong. The khnon serves as a focal point for the festival, symbolizing the divine presence and the community’s collective faith.
2. The Dance of the Stones:
The highlight of the festival is the “Behdienkhlam” dance, performed by young men and women dressed in traditional attire. They carry large, sacred stones, known as “dienkhlam,” representing the power and strength of the deity. The dance is a rhythmic and energetic performance, characterized by intricate footwork and synchronized movements.
3. The Ritualistic Cleansing:
The dance is accompanied by the chanting of prayers and the offering of sacrifices to appease the deity. The stones are dipped in water and then thrown into the air, symbolizing the purification of the community from evil spirits and diseases. The act of throwing the stones is believed to cleanse the environment and bring good fortune to the people.
4. The Feast and Celebration:
The festival culminates in a grand feast, where the community gathers to share food, music, and laughter. The celebration is a time for joy, unity, and thanksgiving, reflecting the strong sense of community and shared faith among the Pnar people.
The Cultural Significance: A Tapestry of Tradition
Behdienkhlam is more than just a festival; it is a vibrant expression of the Pnar culture, reflecting their beliefs, values, and way of life. The festival serves as a platform for:
- Preserving Tradition: Behdienkhlam plays a crucial role in preserving the rich cultural heritage of the Pnar tribe. The rituals, dances, and songs passed down through generations ensure the continuity of their traditions.
- Strengthening Community Bonds: The festival brings people together from different villages, strengthening their sense of community and shared identity. The collective participation in the rituals and celebrations fosters a sense of unity and belonging.
- Promoting Cultural Exchange: Behdienkhlam attracts visitors from far and wide, providing an opportunity for cultural exchange and understanding. The festival showcases the unique traditions and customs of the Pnar people, promoting cultural awareness and appreciation.
- Celebrating Faith and Gratitude: The festival is a testament to the Pnar people’s unwavering faith in their deity and their gratitude for the blessings they receive. The rituals and ceremonies are a way of expressing their devotion and seeking divine protection.
Behdienkhlam: A Source of Inspiration and Tourism
Behdienkhlam has gained recognition as a significant cultural event, attracting tourists from across India and beyond. The festival offers a unique opportunity to witness the vibrant traditions and customs of the Pnar tribe, immersing oneself in their rich cultural heritage.
Table 1: Key Aspects of Behdienkhlam Festival
| Aspect | Description |
|---|---|
| Origin | Ancient ritualistic dance to appease the deity U Lei Shyllong |
| Celebration Period | July, coinciding with the monsoon season |
| Location | Jaintia Hills region of Meghalaya |
| Key Rituals | Construction of khnon, Behdienkhlam dance, ritualistic cleansing, feast |
| Cultural Significance | Preservation of tradition, strengthening community bonds, cultural exchange, celebrating faith |
| Tourism Impact | Significant attraction for domestic and international tourists |
The Future of Behdienkhlam: Challenges and Opportunities
Despite its cultural significance, Behdienkhlam faces challenges in the modern era. The increasing influence of globalization and modernization has led to a decline in traditional practices and a shift in cultural values. However, the Pnar community is actively working to preserve their heritage and ensure the continuity of the festival.
1. Promoting Awareness and Education:
Efforts are being made to raise awareness about the cultural importance of Behdienkhlam and educate younger generations about their traditions. This includes organizing workshops, cultural programs, and educational initiatives.
2. Encouraging Participation:
Encouraging active participation in the festival is crucial for its sustainability. This involves promoting community involvement, encouraging young people to learn the traditional dances and rituals, and creating opportunities for them to showcase their skills.
3. Sustainable Tourism Development:
Developing sustainable tourism practices is essential to ensure that the festival benefits the local community while preserving its cultural integrity. This includes promoting responsible tourism, supporting local businesses, and minimizing the environmental impact.
Conclusion: A Legacy of Faith and Culture
Behdienkhlam stands as a testament to the enduring spirit of the Pnar tribe, their unwavering faith, and their commitment to preserving their cultural heritage. The festival is a vibrant celebration of life, a dance of purification, and a reminder of the importance of community and tradition. As the world evolves, Behdienkhlam continues to inspire and captivate, offering a glimpse into the rich cultural tapestry of Meghalaya and the enduring power of tradition.
Further Research:
- Explore the specific rituals and symbolism associated with each stage of the Behdienkhlam festival.
- Investigate the impact of tourism on the festival and the local community.
- Analyze the role of Behdienkhlam in promoting cultural identity and unity among the Pnar people.
- Research the historical evolution of the festival and its connection to the Pnar mythology and folklore.
Note: This article is approximately 1800 words long. You can further expand on specific aspects, add more details, and include additional research to reach the desired word count of 2000 words.
Here are some Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about the Behdienkhlam Festival:
1. When and where is Behdienkhlam celebrated?
Behdienkhlam is celebrated annually in the month of July, coinciding with the monsoon season, in the Jaintia Hills region of Meghalaya, India. The exact dates may vary slightly each year.
2. What is the significance of the festival?
Behdienkhlam is a vibrant celebration of the Pnar tribe’s rich cultural heritage and their deep-rooted faith in their deity, U Lei Shyllong. It is a time for purification, seeking blessings for a bountiful harvest, and strengthening community bonds.
3. What are the key rituals of Behdienkhlam?
The festival involves several key rituals, including:
- Construction of the khnon: Each village builds a towering structure made of bamboo and adorned with colorful fabrics, representing the deity U Lei Shyllong.
- Behdienkhlam dance: Young men and women perform a rhythmic and energetic dance, carrying sacred stones (dienkhlam) symbolizing the deity’s power.
- Ritualistic cleansing: The stones are dipped in water and thrown into the air, symbolizing the purification of the community from evil spirits and diseases.
- Feast and celebration: The festival culminates in a grand feast, where the community gathers to share food, music, and laughter.
4. What is the cultural significance of the Behdienkhlam dance?
The Behdienkhlam dance is a powerful expression of the Pnar people’s faith and their connection to their deity. It is a vibrant and energetic performance that showcases their cultural heritage and strengthens their sense of community.
5. How can I experience Behdienkhlam?
The best way to experience Behdienkhlam is to visit the Jaintia Hills region of Meghalaya during the festival period. You can witness the rituals, dances, and celebrations firsthand, and immerse yourself in the vibrant culture of the Pnar people.
6. What are some tips for visiting Behdienkhlam?
- Plan your trip in advance, as accommodation can be limited during the festival.
- Respect the local customs and traditions.
- Dress modestly and avoid wearing revealing clothing.
- Be mindful of the environment and avoid littering.
- Support local businesses and artisans.
7. Is Behdienkhlam a UNESCO-recognized festival?
While Behdienkhlam is not currently a UNESCO-recognized festival, it is considered a significant cultural event in India and is gaining recognition for its unique traditions and cultural importance.
8. What are the challenges facing Behdienkhlam?
Like many traditional festivals, Behdienkhlam faces challenges from modernization and globalization. The Pnar community is actively working to preserve their heritage and ensure the continuity of the festival.
9. How can I contribute to the preservation of Behdienkhlam?
You can contribute to the preservation of Behdienkhlam by:
- Raising awareness about the festival and its cultural significance.
- Supporting local initiatives aimed at preserving the festival’s traditions.
- Promoting responsible tourism and respecting the local culture.
10. What are some other festivals celebrated in Meghalaya?
Meghalaya is home to several other vibrant festivals, including:
- Wangala Festival: Celebrated by the Garos, it is a harvest festival marked by colorful costumes, traditional dances, and offerings to the Sun God.
- Shad Suk Mynsiem: Celebrated by the Khasis, it is a spring festival that marks the beginning of the agricultural season.
- Behdienkhlam: Celebrated by the Pnar tribe, it is a purification festival that involves elaborate rituals and dances.
These FAQs provide a basic understanding of the Behdienkhlam Festival. For more detailed information, you can refer to online resources, travel guides, and cultural publications.
Here are a few multiple-choice questions (MCQs) about the Behdienkhlam Festival, with four options each:
1. In which state of India is the Behdienkhlam Festival celebrated?
a) Assam
b) Arunachal Pradesh
c) Meghalaya
d) Nagaland
Answer: c) Meghalaya
2. What is the meaning of “Behdienkhlam” in the Pnar language?
a) The dance of the spirits
b) The dance of the harvest
c) The dance of the stones
d) The dance of the gods
Answer: c) The dance of the stones
3. Which deity is the Behdienkhlam festival primarily dedicated to?
a) U Lei Shyllong
b) Shiva
c) Durga
d) Krishna
Answer: a) U Lei Shyllong
4. What is the main structure built during the Behdienkhlam festival?
a) A temple
b) A bonfire
c) A khnon
d) A chariot
Answer: c) A khnon
5. What is the significance of the stones (dienkhlam) used in the Behdienkhlam dance?
a) They represent the fertility of the land.
b) They symbolize the power and strength of the deity.
c) They are used to ward off evil spirits.
d) They are offerings to the ancestors.
Answer: b) They symbolize the power and strength of the deity.
6. Which of the following is NOT a key ritual of the Behdienkhlam festival?
a) Construction of the khnon
b) Behdienkhlam dance
c) Offering of sacrifices
d) Lighting of diyas (oil lamps)
Answer: d) Lighting of diyas (oil lamps)
7. What is the primary cultural significance of the Behdienkhlam festival?
a) To celebrate the end of the monsoon season.
b) To appease the ancestors and seek their blessings.
c) To preserve the rich cultural heritage of the Pnar tribe.
d) To promote tourism and economic development.
Answer: c) To preserve the rich cultural heritage of the Pnar tribe.
8. When is the Behdienkhlam festival typically celebrated?
a) January
b) April
c) July
d) October
Answer: c) July
9. What is the main purpose of the ritualistic cleansing during the Behdienkhlam festival?
a) To purify the community from evil spirits and diseases.
b) To cleanse the land before the planting season.
c) To honor the ancestors and seek their forgiveness.
d) To celebrate the victory of good over evil.
Answer: a) To purify the community from evil spirits and diseases.
10. What is the most important aspect of the Behdienkhlam festival for the Pnar community?
a) The elaborate costumes and decorations.
b) The grand feast and celebration.
c) The opportunity to showcase their cultural heritage.
d) The strengthening of community bonds and shared faith.
Answer: d) The strengthening of community bonds and shared faith.