Basics of cyber security

<–2/”>a >Cyber security is a process, technique or procedure to ensure information security goals.

Aim of Information Security is to provide CIA i.e.

1. Confidentiality of information
2. Integrity of information
3. Availability of information

 

These 3 parameters (CIA) are called security goals/security Services.

The other security objectives also include such other parameters as authenticity, authorisation, accounting and non-repudiation.

 

• Cyber Security is the security of information and its communicating channels as applied to computing devices such as computers and smartphones, as well as computer networks such as private and public networks, including the Internet as a whole. The field covers all the processes and mechanisms by which computer-based equipment, information and services are protected from unintended or unauthorized access, change or destruction. Computer security also includes protection from unplanned events and natural disasters. Cyber security is a complex issue that cuts across multiple domains and calls for multi-dimensional, multilayered initiatives and responses.

 

• The act of protecting ICT systems and their contents has come to be known as cyber security. A broad and debatable concept, cyber security can be a constructive term. It generally refers to a set of activities and other measures intended to protect from attack, disruption, or other threats to computers, computer networks, related hardware and devices Software, and the information they hold and communicate, including software and data, as well as other Elements of cyberspace.

 

• Cyber security is also associated with the technical term, information security, which is explained in federal law as protecting information and information systems from illegal access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or damage in order to provide integrity, confidentiality and availability.

 

• Integrity denotes to guarding against improper information modification or destruction, and includes ensuring information non repudiation and authenticity.

 

• Confidentiality signifies preserving authorized restrictions on access and disclosure, including ways of protecting personal privacy and proprietary information.

 

• Availability indicates ensuring timely and reliable access to and use of information. Cyber security concentrates on protecting computers, networks, programs and data from unintended or unauthorized access, change or destruction. Governments, military, corporations, financial institutions, hospitals and other businesses gather process and store huge confidential information on computers and pass on that data across networks to other computers. With the growing volume and complexity of cyber attacks, more attention is necessary to protect sensitive business and personal information, as well as protect national security.

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Cyber security is the practice of protecting critical systems and sensitive information from digital attacks. Organizations of every type and size must take steps to protect themselves from cyber threats, which can come from anywhere in the world.

Cyber security is a complex and ever-changing field, but there are some basic concepts that everyone should understand. Here are a few of the most important things to know about cyber security:

• Introduction to cyber security

Cyber security is the practice of protecting critical systems and sensitive information from digital attacks. It encompasses a wide range of topics, from Network security to data encryption to identity management.

• Threats and vulnerabilities

A threat is any potential danger to a computer system or network. A vulnerability is a weakness in a system that could be exploited by a threat. Threats and vulnerabilities can come from a variety of sources, including hackers, malware, and natural disasters.

• Risk management

Risk management is the process of identifying, assessing, and controlling risks. In the context of cyber security, risk management involves identifying potential threats and vulnerabilities, assessing the likelihood and impact of each threat, and implementing controls to mitigate the risk.

• Security controls

A security control is any measure that is taken to protect a system from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction. Security controls can be technical, physical, or administrative in nature.

• Penetration testing

Penetration testing, also known as ethical hacking, is the practice of simulating an attack on a computer system or network in order to identify vulnerabilities. Penetration testers use a variety of techniques to try to exploit vulnerabilities, and they report their findings to the system owner so that the vulnerabilities can be fixed.

• Security awareness

Security awareness is the process of educating employees about cyber security risks and how to protect themselves and the organization from these risks. Security awareness training should cover topics such as phishing scams, social engineering attacks, and password security.

• Incident response

Incident response is the process of responding to a cyber security incident. An incident is any event that could potentially impact the security of a system or network. Incident response involves identifying the incident, containing the damage, and restoring the system to normal operation.

• Disaster recovery

Disaster recovery is the process of recovering from a major cyber security incident. A disaster is any event that could potentially cause a significant disruption to the organization’s operations. Disaster recovery involves planning for and implementing measures to restore the organization’s systems and data in the event of a disaster.

• Compliance

Compliance is the process of ensuring that the organization is in compliance with applicable laws and regulations. In the context of cyber security, compliance involves implementing security controls that meet the requirements of applicable laws and regulations.

• Governance

Governance is the process of establishing and maintaining the organization’s cyber security policies and procedures. Governance involves setting the organization’s cyber security strategy, developing and implementing security controls, and monitoring the effectiveness of those controls.

• Ethics

Ethics is the study of moral principles. In the context of cyber security, ethics involves making decisions that are consistent with the organization’s values and the professional Code of ethics for information security professionals.

• Legal issues

There are a number of legal issues that organizations need to be aware of in the context of cyber security. These issues include data privacy laws, intellectual property laws, and anti-trust laws.

• Careers in cyber security

There are a number of different careers available in the field of cyber security. These careers include security analyst, security engineer, security architect, and security consultant.

• Resources

There are a number of resources available to help organizations learn more about cyber security. These resources include books, articles, websites, and training courses.

Cyber security is a complex and ever-changing field, but it is essential for protecting organizations from cyber threats. By understanding the basics of cyber security, organizations can take steps to protect themselves and their data.

What is cyber security?

Cyber security is the practice of protecting critical systems and sensitive information from digital attacks. It’s a broad term that encompasses a wide range of security measures, from physical security to network security to data security.

What are the different types of cyber attacks?

There are many different types of cyber attacks, but some of the most common include:

• Malware attacks: Malware is a type of software that is designed to damage or disable computers and computer systems. Malware can be spread through email attachments, malicious websites, and infected USB drives.
• Phishing attacks: Phishing attacks are designed to trick users into revealing sensitive information, such as passwords or credit card numbers. Phishing attacks often take the form of emails that appear to be from legitimate companies, but they are actually from malicious actors.
• Denial-of-service attacks: Denial-of-service attacks are designed to overwhelm a computer system with so much traffic that it becomes unavailable to legitimate users.
• Man-in-the-middle attacks: Man-in-the-middle attacks are designed to intercept communications between two parties, such as a user and a website. This can allow the attacker to steal sensitive information, such as passwords or credit card numbers.

What are the risks of cyber attacks?

Cyber attacks can have a devastating impact on individuals, businesses, and governments. Some of the risks of cyber attacks include:

• Financial loss: Cyber attacks can lead to financial loss through theft of Money, credit card fraud, and other scams.
• Data loss: Cyber attacks can lead to the loss of sensitive data, such as personal information, financial information, and intellectual property.
• Reputational damage: Cyber attacks can damage the reputation of businesses and organizations.
• Operational disruption: Cyber attacks can disrupt businesses and organizations by causing systems to crash or become unavailable.

How can I protect myself from cyber attacks?

There are a number of things you can do to protect yourself from cyber attacks, including:

• Use strong passwords: Use strong passwords for all of your online accounts. A strong password is at least 12 characters long and includes a mix of upper and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols.
• Be careful about what you click on: Don’t click on links in emails or on websites unless you’re sure they’re legitimate. Phishing attacks often use malicious links to trick users into revealing sensitive information.
• Keep your software up to date: Keep your software up to date with the latest security patches. This will help to protect you from known vulnerabilities.
• Use a firewall: A firewall can help to protect your computer from unauthorized access.
• Use antivirus software: Antivirus software can help to protect your computer from malware.
• Be aware of social engineering attacks: Social engineering attacks are designed to trick you into revealing sensitive information or taking actions that could compromise your security. Be wary of any requests for personal information or requests to click on links or download files.

What are the latest trends in cyber security?

The latest trends in cyber security include:

• The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI is being used to develop new and sophisticated cyber attacks. AI can be used to automate attacks, target specific individuals or organizations, and evade detection.
• The Growth of the Internet of Things (IoT): The IoT is a network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances, and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and connectivity which enables these things to connect and exchange data. The growth of the IoT has created new opportunities for cyber attacks, as these devices are often not as secure as traditional computers and laptops.
• The increasing sophistication of cyber criminals: Cyber criminals are becoming increasingly sophisticated in their attacks. They are using new tools and techniques to exploit vulnerabilities and steal data.
• The growing importance of data protection: Data protection is becoming increasingly important as businesses and organizations collect more and more data about their customers and employees. Cyber attacks can lead to the loss of sensitive data, which can have a devastating impact on businesses and organizations.

What is the future of cyber security?

The future of cyber security is uncertain. However, it is clear that cyber attacks will continue to be a major threat. Businesses and organizations need to be prepared for these attacks by implementing strong security measures and educating their employees about cyber security risks.

1. What is the most common type of cyber attack?
   (A) Phishing
   (B) Malware
   (C) Ransomware
   (D) Denial-of-service

2. What is the best way to protect yourself from phishing attacks?
   (A) Use a strong password and change it regularly.
   (B) Be careful about the links you click on in emails.
   (C) Install antivirus software and keep it up to date.
   (D) All of the above.

3. What is malware?
   (A) A type of software that is designed to damage or disable computers.
   (B) A type of software that is designed to steal personal information.
   (C) A type of software that is designed to take control of computers.
   (D) All of the above.

4. What is ransomware?
   (A) A type of malware that encrypts files on a computer and demands a ransom payment in order to decrypt them.
   (B) A type of malware that steals personal information from a computer.
   (C) A type of malware that takes control of a computer.
   (D) All of the above.

5. What is a denial-of-service attack?
   (A) An attack that is designed to make a computer or network unavailable to its intended users.
   (B) An attack that is designed to steal personal information from a computer.
   (C) An attack that is designed to take control of a computer.
   (D) All of the above.

6. What is a strong password?
   (A) A password that is at least 8 characters long and includes a mix of upper and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols.
   (B) A password that is easy to remember.
   (C) A password that is shared with no one else.
   (D) All of the above.

7. What is two-factor authentication?
   (A) A security measure that requires users to enter a code from their phone in addition to their password in order to log in to a website or account.
   (B) A security measure that requires users to enter a code from their email in addition to their password in order to log in to a website or account.
   (C) A security measure that requires users to enter a code from a physical security token in addition to their password in order to log in to a website or account.
   (D) All of the above.

8. What is a firewall?
   (A) A software or hardware security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.
   (B) A software or hardware security system that protects against malware.
   (C) A software or hardware security system that protects against denial-of-service attacks.
   (D) All of the above.

9. What is antivirus software?
   (A) Software that scans computers for and removes malware.
   (B) Software that protects computers against phishing attacks.
   (C) Software that protects computers against denial-of-service attacks.
   (D) All of the above.

10. What is a VPN?
    (A) A virtual private network is a secure, private network that is created over a public network, such as the Internet.
    (B) A VPN is a type of malware.
    (C) A VPN is a type of denial-of-service attack.
    (D) None of the above.