Animal Husbandary of Haryana

Animal Husbandary of Haryana

In India, Animal Husbandry and dairying are important economic activities accounting for approximately 33 percent of the agricultural Gross Domestic Product (GDP). India is the largest producer of milk having achieved an annual production of 146.3 million tons in 2014-15. As the economy grows and income increases, a World Bank study points out, per capita consumption for milk and milk products in the country is projected to rise to more than 350 grams per day by 2020.

Haryana, in the above context, is a progressive state in Northern India wherein the Livestock sector contributes approximately 35% to the state’s agricultural GDP. The state has the pride of being the home tract of famous breeds of “Hariana” and “Sahiwal” cows and “Murrah” buffaloes (the latter also known as ‘Black Gold’). The state has long been the prime source of ‘Murrah’ germplasm for other states of the Indian Union and abroad to upgrade low yielding non- descript buffaloes. The state has a robust Network of milk cooperatives led by a Dairy federation – Haryana Dairy Development Cooperative Federation (HDDCF) formed in 1970. Possessing 2.5% of the country’s bovine Population (with approximately 6.1 million buffaloes and 1.8 million cows), the state’s milk production in 2015-16 was 8.4 million tones. The per capita per day availability in 2014-15 was 805 grams as against a national Average of 322 grams.  Exotic cattle (Jersey, Holstien Fresien and Cross Bred), indigenous cattle (Hariana, Sahiwal, Tharparkar) and Buffaloes (Murrah, Nili Ravi) have together contributed to such milk production and its availability in the state.

Sahiwal breed from Animal Husbandary of Haryana

The Government of Haryana is giving a lot of impetus to the conservation, preservation and development of the state’s approximately .81 million indigenous breeds of buffaloes and cows, their genetic Resources, Health-and-Nutrition/”>Health and Nutrition. To encourage farmers to rear such breeds, a program of awarding incentive Money (ranging from US $200 to US $300) linked to peak milk yield has been recently launched by the State Government. Besides, to encourage farmers to set up mini dairy units of 5/3 indigenous cattle, a subsidy of 50% of the unit cost is being be provided to the beneficiaries.

The Haryana Dairy Development Federation, in addition, has recently taken the initiative to make available to the citizens ‘A2 pasteurized indigenous cow milk’ that has the qualities of being rich in sources of Minerals, boosts good cholesterol, enhances immunity, is quickly digestable and is a rich source of B- carotene. The centrally funded ‘National Program for Bovine Breeding’ (NPBB) and the ‘Rashtriya Gokul Mission’ (RGM) supplement the state’s own efforts in development and conservation of indigenous breeds through strengthening /extension of field artificial insemination network, field performance recording and control of infertility among bovines in both urban and rural areas.

Besides the above initiatives, Haryana is also implementing three NDP 1 sub projects (namely production of high genetic merit bulls through progeny testing and pedigree selection as well as strengthening of its major sperm station) for genetic improvement of the bovine stock. A risk management and livestock insurance program is already in effect wherein the owners of animals pay only US $1.5 and US $0.4 insurance amount for large and small animals respectively.

Efforts are also underway to introduce a scheme for pre-conception selection of gender in livestock to leverage the economic advantage of female calves over breeding bulls. An e-market portal for bovine germplasm in the state is also being planned as a single window platform to connect farmers and breeders. Besides, to tide over uneven supply of green fodder (that is critical in supplementing availability of abundant dry fodder), mixed concentration ration is being promoted to check mineral deficiencies. Such deficiencies result in low productivity and prolonged inter-calving period leading to an economic burden on the owners of the bovines. This is being complemented with provision of quality fodder seeds and silage making units during the lean season.

The aim of all the above measures is to maximize disease free per head productivity of cows and buffaloes in the state through genetic improvement, mineral supplementation and hormonal therapy. This, in turn, would enable realizing the goals of not only increase in milk production but also production of clean milk through scientific management of production units, be it through mini or medium sized dairies. Autonomous end implementation agencies such as the Haryana Livestock Development Board (HLDB) are working in tandem with the State Government as well as registered ‘Gaushalas’ (cow ranches), run by nongovernmental organizations, to ensure last mile backward and forward linkages in the field.

It goes without saying that the state is committed to strengthening the already Sound Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE of veterinary dispensaries, hospitals, polyclinics, static as well as mobile surveillance diagnostic labs, vaccine production institutes, semen production stations etc that exists in the field. However, one key critical issue that needs undivided attention is identification and registration of each bovine to ensure a reliable Database to plan for the future. The latter is critical for purposes of traceability, accurate analysis of production profiles and reproductive efficiency assessment in the field.

With the national average ‘in milk yield’ across lactating buffaloes at 4.7 kg/day and cows at 3.4 kg/day, the bigger challenge for India, a World Bank study states, is matching or surpassing the world average of 6.3 kg/day. Interestingly, in Haryana, the average ‘in milk yield’ of indigenous cows and buffaloes is 5.5 kg/day and 7.5 kg/day respectively. It is 8.9 kg/day for exotic bovines in the state. The World Bank study further observes that the focus in genetic improvement has to shift from crossbreeding to indigenous breeds. For the latter, through production of high quality semen coupled with door-to-door artificial insemination Services, the strong foundation for increased milk production can be built.

NEW SCHEMES FOR ANIMAL HUSBANDRY DEVELOPMENT IN Animal Husbandary of Haryana

1.Scheme for the conservation and development of indigenous cattle (Gausamvardhan) 2016-17 :

This scheme is being implemented by the department in the State with the objective of conservation and development of the indigenous breeds of cows. It is a continued scheme for which an amount of Rs. 400 lacs has been provided in the Annual Plan 2016-17. As per 2012 census, the State has livestock population of 89.98 lakh out of which 18.08 lakhs is cattle. Out of total cattle population, 8.12 lakhs are indigenous cattle and 9.96 lakhs are exotic/cross bred cattle. Lack of concerted efforts towards genetic improvement of the indigenous cattle breeds have contributed to their gradual decline. The population of indigenous cattle has reached an all time low and urgent measures are required for conservation and development of these indigenous breeds. Being the home tract, the State is under moral, social and national obligation to undertake integrated development of Hariana and Sahiwal breed of cattle.

2. scheme for establishment of of Hi-Tech & Mini Dairy Units for the year 2016-17 : This scheme is proposed to be implemented in the State in the year 2016-17. The scheme in principle stands approved by the Govt in the State Annual Plan and Plan Budget for the year 2016-17 for which an amount of Rs. 8.00 crones is earmarked. Haryana holds a significant place in the field of milk production in the country. The State is proud to be the home-tract of one of the best buffalo breeds of the world i.e. ‘Murrah’. Buffalo has also been recognized to be the animal of the 21st Century and thus, systematic improvement of buffaloes for milk production of the country is a foregone conclusion. Most of the States procure breeding stock from Haryana for up gradation of their low producing buffaloes. The State is quite conscious of conserving, improving and fast multiplying this unique genetic stock of buffaloes by promoting breeding activities in the State.
3. Scheme for Integrated Murrah Development 2016-17: It is a continued scheme and is being implemented in the year 2016- 17 also. The scheme in principle stands approved by the Government in the State Annual Plan and Plan Budget for the year 2016-17 for which an amount of Rs. 700.00 lacs is earmarked. It needs no emphasis that India possesses more than half of the buffalo population of the world with a majority of the recognized breeds. Haryana, being the home tract of the world famous Murrah buffaloes, has a prominent place in the Animal Husbandry and Dairying map of the country. Murrah buffaloes are great milk producers with high fat content in addition to being efficient feed converters even when fed on poor quality roughages. In addition, it is source of quality lean meat and valuable draught power. Most of the states procure their breeding stock from Haryana for upgradation of their low producing buffalo population. The fast genetic improvement of Murrah is not only the top priority for our state but also a national concern. The top quality Murrah germplasm presently available in the state needs to be identified through performance recording, preserved and multiplied.

,

Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock. It is a diverse Industry, encompassing the breeding, feeding, and care of livestock, as well as the harvesting of their products. Animal husbandry is practiced in all parts of the world, and it plays an important role in the global economy.

Dairy is one of the most important subsectors of animal husbandry in Haryana. The state is home to a large number of dairy animals, including cows, buffaloes, and goats. Dairy products, such as milk, yogurt, and cheese, are an important part of the local diet. The dairy industry is also a major source of EMPLOYMENT in Haryana.

Poultry is another important subsector of animal husbandry in Haryana. The state is home to a large number of poultry birds, including chickens, ducks, and turkeys. Poultry products, such as eggs and meat, are an important part of the local diet. The poultry industry is also a major source of employment in Haryana.

Piggery is a less important subsector of animal husbandry in Haryana. The state is home to a small number of pigs. Pig products, such as pork, are not a major part of the local diet. The piggery industry is also a small source of employment in Haryana.

Sheep and goat rearing is a traditional occupation in Haryana. The state is home to a large number of sheep and goats. Sheep and goat products, such as wool, meat, and milk, are an important part of the local diet. The sheep and goat rearing industry is also a major source of employment in Haryana.

Rabbit rearing is a relatively new subsector of animal husbandry in Haryana. The state is home to a small number of rabbits. Rabbit products, such as meat and fur, are not a major part of the local diet. The rabbit rearing industry is also a small source of employment in Haryana.

Beekeeping is a traditional occupation in Haryana. The state is home to a large number of beehives. Honey, beeswax, and other bee products are an important part of the local diet. The beekeeping industry is also a major source of employment in Haryana.

Fishery is a relatively new subsector of animal husbandry in Haryana. The state is home to a small number of fish farms. Fish products, such as fish meat and fish oil, are not a major part of the local diet. The fishery industry is also a small source of employment in Haryana.

Sericulture is a traditional occupation in Haryana. The state is home to a large number of silkworms. Silk is an important part of the local economy. The sericulture industry is also a major source of employment in Haryana.

Mushroom cultivation is a relatively new subsector of animal husbandry in Haryana. The state is home to a small number of mushroom farms. Mushrooms are an important part of the local diet. The mushroom cultivation industry is also a small source of employment in Haryana.

Vermiculture is a traditional occupation in Haryana. The state is home to a large number of earthworms. Earthworms are used to produce vermicompost, which is a valuable fertilizer. The vermiculture industry is also a major source of employment in Haryana.

Agroforestry is a relatively new subsector of animal husbandry in Haryana. The state is home to a small number of agroforestry farms. Agroforestry is a system of farming that integrates trees and crops. Agroforestry is a sustainable way to manage land and produce food.

Integrated Farming System is a relatively new subsector of animal husbandry in Haryana. The state is home to a small number of integrated Farming Systems. Integrated farming systems are systems of farming that integrate different types of agriculture, such as crop production, livestock production, and aquaculture. Integrated farming systems are a sustainable way to manage land and produce food.

Animal feed production is a subsector of animal husbandry that is concerned with the production of animal feed. Animal feed is a mixture of nutrients that are essential for the health and Growth of livestock. Animal feed is produced from a variety of sources, including grains, legumes, oilseeds, and by-products from the food industry.

Veterinary services are a subsector of animal husbandry that is concerned with the health and welfare of livestock. Veterinary services include the diagnosis and treatment of animal diseases, as well as the provision of preventive care. Veterinary services are essential for the health and productivity of livestock.

Animal welfare is a subsector of animal husbandry that is concerned with the humane treatment of livestock. Animal welfare encompasses a variety of issues, such as the provision of adequate food, water, and shelter, as well as the prevention of cruelty and abuse. Animal welfare is important for the ethical treatment of animals, as well as for the health and productivity of livestock.

Animal breeding and genetics is a subsector of animal husbandry that is concerned with the improvement

What is animal husbandry?

Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock. It includes the breeding, feeding, and care of livestock, as well as the harvesting of their products.

What are the different types of animal husbandry?

There are many different types of animal husbandry, depending on the type of livestock being raised. Some common types of animal husbandry include dairy farming, beef cattle ranching, sheep farming, and poultry farming.

What are the benefits of animal husbandry?

Animal husbandry provides many benefits, including food, clothing, and labor. Livestock products such as meat, milk, and eggs are important sources of protein and other nutrients. Animal hides and wool are used to make clothing and other products. Livestock can also be used for labor, such as pulling plows or carrying loads.

What are the challenges of animal husbandry?

Animal husbandry can face a number of challenges, including disease, pests, and weather conditions. Livestock can also be susceptible to injury or death. Animal husbandry can also have a negative impact on the Environment, such as through the use of land and Water Resources.

What are the ethical considerations of animal husbandry?

There are a number of ethical considerations associated with animal husbandry. Some people believe that it is cruel to raise animals for food or other purposes. Others believe that animal husbandry can be done in a humane way. There is no easy answer to this question, and it is something that each individual must decide for themselves.

What are the future trends in animal husbandry?

The future of animal husbandry is uncertain. Some experts believe that the demand for meat and other livestock products will continue to grow, while others believe that it will decline as people become more aware of the environmental and ethical impacts of animal agriculture. It is likely that animal husbandry will continue to evolve in the future, as new technologies and methods are developed.

Sure. Here are some MCQs on the following topics:

1. Animal Husbandry

2. What is animal husbandry?

   • Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock.
3. What are the different types of animal husbandry?
   • There are many different types of animal husbandry, but some of the most common include dairy farming, beef cattle ranching, and sheep farming.
4. What are the benefits of animal husbandry?
   • Animal husbandry provides a source of food, clothing, and labor. It can also help to improve the environment by recycling nutrients and providing habitat for wildlife.

5. What are the challenges of animal husbandry?

   • Animal husbandry can be a challenging occupation, as it requires a lot of time, effort, and knowledge. It can also be difficult to make a profit from animal husbandry, as the prices of livestock and meat are often volatile.

6. Dairy Farming

7. What is dairy farming?

   • Dairy farming is the practice of raising dairy cows for their milk.
8. What are the different types of dairy cows?
   • There are many different breeds of dairy cows, but some of the most common include Holstein, Jersey, and Brown Swiss.
9. What are the benefits of dairy farming?
   • Dairy farming provides a source of milk, which is a nutrient-rich food that can be used to make a variety of products, such as cheese, yogurt, and ice cream.

10. What are the challenges of dairy farming?

    • Dairy farming can be a challenging occupation, as it requires a lot of time, effort, and knowledge. It can also be difficult to make a profit from dairy farming, as the prices of milk and dairy products are often volatile.

11. Beef Cattle Ranching

12. What is beef cattle ranching?

    • Beef cattle ranching is the practice of raising beef cattle for their meat.
13. What are the different types of beef cattle?
    • There are many different breeds of beef cattle, but some of the most common include Angus, Hereford, and Brahman.
14. What are the benefits of beef cattle ranching?
    • Beef cattle ranching provides a source of meat, which is a nutrient-rich food that can be used to make a variety of products, such as steak, hamburger, and ground beef.

15. What are the challenges of beef cattle ranching?

    • Beef cattle ranching can be a challenging occupation, as it requires a lot of time, effort, and knowledge. It can also be difficult to make a profit from beef cattle ranching, as the prices of beef and beef products are often volatile.

16. Sheep Farming

17. What is sheep farming?

    • Sheep farming is the practice of raising sheep for their wool, meat, and milk.
18. What are the different types of sheep?
    • There are many different breeds of sheep, but some of the most common include Merino, Suffolk, and Hampshire Down.
19. What are the benefits of sheep farming?
    • Sheep farming provides a source of wool, which can be used to make a variety of products, such as clothing, blankets, and insulation. Sheep farming also provides a source of meat and milk, which are nutrient-rich foods.
20. What are the challenges of sheep farming?
    • Sheep farming can be a challenging occupation, as it requires a lot of time, effort, and knowledge. It can also be difficult to make a profit from sheep farming, as the prices of wool, meat, and milk are often volatile.

I hope these MCQs are helpful!