Notes and Study material for Exams
Electrostatic The basic principle of Electrostatics is based on the fact the electric charges attract or repel other charges depending on their relative signs and the law of force is given by Coulomb‘s law. Coulomb’s law states that: The magnitude of the electrostatic force of interaction between two point charges is directly proportional to the … Read more
Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) What is Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)? Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a plant virus that infects a wide range of Plants, primarily tobacco and other members of the nightshade family (Solanaceae). It is one of the most well-studied viruses, and its discovery in 1892 by Dmitri Ivanovsky marked a significant milestone … Read more
The Rise of Renewable Energy: A Sustainable Future Takes Shape The world is facing a critical juncture. Climate change, driven by our reliance on fossil fuels, poses an existential threat. The urgency to transition to a sustainable energy future is undeniable. Renewable energy sources, with their inherent ability to replenish themselves and minimize environmental impact, … Read more
Navigating the Labyrinth: A Comprehensive Guide to General Anti-Avoidance Rules (GAAR) The pursuit of tax efficiency is a natural instinct for individuals and businesses alike. However, this pursuit can sometimes lead to the creation of complex and artificial arrangements solely designed to minimize tax liability. To counter such practices and ensure a fair and equitable … Read more
The Vienna Convention: A Cornerstone of International Law and Diplomacy The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, commonly known as the Vienna Convention, stands as a cornerstone of international law, shaping the framework for diplomatic relations between states. This landmark treaty, adopted in 1961 and entering into force in 1964, codifies the customary international law governing … Read more
The 44th Amendment Act: A Landmark Step Towards Strengthening India’s Democracy The 44th Amendment Act of 1978, formally known as “The Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978”, stands as a pivotal moment in the evolution of India’s constitutional framework. This amendment, enacted during the Janata Party government’s tenure, aimed to address several critical issues that had … Read more
State Cooperative Banks: Pillars of Rural Development and Financial Inclusion State Cooperative Banks (SCBs) play a crucial role in India’s financial landscape, particularly in rural areas. They act as the backbone of the cooperative banking structure, connecting rural communities with the formal financial system. This article delves into the history, structure, functions, challenges, and future … Read more
The British historians have treated the great uprising of 1857 as a sepoy mutiny. On the other hand, the staunch patriotic and nationalist Indian writers & historians regard the Revolt of 1857 as the First War of Indian Independence. It was the result of the century-old British rule in India. In comparison to the previous … Read more
The Earth Beneath Our Feet: A Journey Through the World of Soil Types The ground beneath our feet, often taken for granted, is a complex and dynamic ecosystem teeming with life. Soil, the foundation of our food systems and a crucial component of the Earth’s biosphere, is far more than just dirt. It’s a living, … Read more