Notes and Study material for Exams
INFRASTRUCTURE projects, and defense spending. Net Exports (NX): This represents the difference between exports (goods and services sold to foreigners) and imports (goods and services purchased from foreigners). Table 1: Components of GDP (Expenditure Approach) Component Description Consumption (C) Spending by households on goods and services Investment (I) Spending by businesses on fixed assets and … Read more
The Citizenship Act, 1955: A Foundation for Indian Citizenship The Citizenship Act, 1955, is a cornerstone of Indian law, defining the criteria for acquiring and losing Indian citizenship. This legislation, enacted shortly after India’s independence, aimed to establish a clear and comprehensive framework for citizenship in a newly formed nation. This article delves into the … Read more
The Environment Protection Act is an important legislation that provides for coordination of activities of the various regulatory agencies, creation of authorities with adequate powers for environmental protection, regulation of the discharge of environmental pollutants, handling of hazardous substances, etc. The Act provided an opportunity to extend legal protection to non-forest habitats (‘Ecologically Sensitive Areas’) … Read more
Understanding the Components of the Capital Account: A Comprehensive Guide The capital account, a crucial component of a nation’s balance of payments, reflects the flow of funds related to investments and changes in ownership of assets. It captures the transactions that alter a country’s net worth, encompassing both financial and non-financial assets. This article delves … Read more
Later Vedic Period The period that followed Rig Vedic Age is known as Later Vedic Age. This age witnessed the composition of three later Veda Samhitas namely, the Samveda Samhita, the Yajurveda Samhita, the Atharvaveda Samhita as well as Brahmanas and the Upanishads of all the four Vedas and later on the two great Epics—the … Read more
Biodiversity loss. Food Waste: A significant amount of food is wasted throughout the food supply chain, from production to consumption, contributing to resource depletion and greenhouse gas emissions. Inequality: Access to food is unevenly distributed, with marginalized communities, including those living in poverty, experiencing disproportionate levels of food insecurity. Table 1: Key Statistics on Global … Read more
The following are the subtopics of the Bonn Climate Change Conference – COP 23, 2017: Adaptation Mitigation Finance Technology Capacity building Loss and damage Transparency Gender Local communities and indigenous peoples Small island developing states Least developed countries Africa Non-state actors Implementation Follow-up and review Dispute settlement Institutional arrangements Outreach and engagement Other matters The … Read more
Commercial Paper: A Deep Dive into the Short-Term Funding Market Commercial paper (CP) is a vital instrument in the short-term debt market, enabling companies to access funds quickly and efficiently. This article delves into the intricacies of commercial paper, exploring its features, issuance process, risks, and its role in the broader financial landscape. What is … Read more
PRE HISTORY of Rajasthan Prehistory is the period of human activity between the use of the first stone tools 3.3 million years ago and the invention of writing systems, the earliest of which appeared 5,300 years ago Beginning The term “prehistory” can refer to the vast span of time since the beginning of the Universe … Read more