Notes and Study material for Exams
The Third Anglo-Maratha War: A Clash of Empires and the End of an Era The Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817-1818), a pivotal conflict in the history of India, marked the final chapter in the centuries-long struggle between the British East India Company and the Maratha Confederacy. This war, fueled by a complex interplay of political machinations, … Read more
Introduction After the death of Harsha and up to the rise of the Palas, the history of Bengal is not clear. During this time, West Bengal was known as Gauda and East Bengal as Vanga. Bengal was subject to internal disorder, which has been termed as Matsyanyaya. Rulers of Pala Dynasty Gopala was the elected king … Read more
Unique Land Parcel Identification Number (ULPIN) Scheme: Revolutionizing India’s Land Records Introduction Land, the foundation of any nation’s economy, has long been a source of disputes and complexities in India. The lack of a standardized and comprehensive land records system has resulted in numerous challenges, including land grabbing, fraudulent transactions, and protracted legal battles. Recognizing … Read more
Agrarian Distress and Mitigation More than 35,000 farmers marched to Mumbai from Nashik last week demanding loan waivers as well as the implementation of the Forest Rights Act (FRA). The FRA allows for land up to four hectares to be granted to families who have traditionally cultivated those plots. Having the land in … Read more
Why did national movement arise? Indian nationalism rose to meet the challenges of foreign domination The British rule and its direct and indirect consequences provided the material and the moral and intellectual conditions for the development of a national movement in India. Clash of interest between the interests of the Indian people with British interests … Read more
–2/”>a >DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd”> Philosophy of the Upanishad and the Bhagavad Gita –Yoga-philosophy/”>Yoga Philosophy of Pathanjali Philosophy of the Upanishad What are Upanishads? The Upanishads are ancient texts, which record the foundation of Hindu thought. They are the final part of the Vedas, the part that is concerned with pure … Read more
Tax Expenditures: Hidden Subsidies in Plain Sight Tax expenditures, often referred to as “tax breaks” or “tax loopholes,” are provisions in the tax code that reduce tax liability for specific individuals, businesses, or industries. They deviate from the standard tax system by offering preferential treatment, effectively providing a subsidy through the tax system. While seemingly … Read more
SHREYAS Scheme: Fostering Entrepreneurship and Empowerment for SC/ST Students Introduction India, a nation brimming with entrepreneurial spirit, has witnessed a surge in startups and small businesses in recent years. However, the journey to entrepreneurship remains challenging, especially for students from Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) communities. These communities often face systemic barriers, including … Read more
Sound is measured in decibels (dB). An increase of about 10 dB is approximately double the increase in loudness. A person’s hearing can be damaged if exposed to noise levels over 75 dB over a prolonged period of time. The World Health Organization recommends that the sound level indoors should be less than 30 … Read more