Notes and Study material for Exams
Emergency (1975-77): A Dark Chapter in Indian Democracy The period of Emergency in India, declared by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi on June 25, 1975, and lasting until March 21, 1977, remains a stark reminder of the fragility of democratic institutions and the potential for authoritarianism to take root even in a seemingly stable democracy. This … Read more
The Crisis of Democratic Order: A Global Phenomenon The world is witnessing a growing crisis of democratic order. While democracy has made significant strides in recent decades, a confluence of factors is eroding its foundations, leading to a decline in trust, polarization, and a rise in authoritarianism. This article will delve into the multifaceted nature … Read more
The Coalition Era: A Defining Period in Iraq’s History The “Coalition Era” in Iraq, spanning from the 2003 invasion to the withdrawal of US troops in 2011, marked a tumultuous period of profound change and enduring consequences. This era witnessed the overthrow of Saddam Hussein’s regime, the establishment of a new Iraqi government, and the … Read more
The Rise of Regional Parties in India Introduction India is a vast and diverse country, with a population of over 1.3 billion people. It is also a democracy, with a multi-party system. In recent years, there has been a rise in the popularity of regional parties. These parties are based on regional identities and interests, … Read more
Emergency: The Crisis of Democratic Order The concept of “emergency” has long been a cornerstone of political thought, serving as a crucial mechanism for governments to respond to extraordinary situations that threaten the stability of the state. However, the increasing invocation of emergency powers in recent years has raised serious concerns about the erosion of … Read more
The Emergence of Opposition Parties: A Catalyst for Democracy and Accountability The presence of a robust opposition party system is a hallmark of a healthy democracy. Opposition parties serve as a vital counterbalance to the ruling party, ensuring accountability, promoting diverse perspectives, and fostering a vibrant political landscape. This article explores the emergence of opposition … Read more
The First General Election: A Nation Forged in the Crucible of Democracy The year 1867 marked a pivotal moment in Canadian history, as the newly formed Dominion of Canada held its first general election. This event, a testament to the burgeoning nation’s commitment to democratic principles, set the stage for a future shaped by the … Read more
Challenges Before Early Childhood Intervention (ECI) Early childhood intervention (ECI) is a crucial aspect of supporting children with developmental delays or disabilities. It aims to provide individualized services and therapies to help these children reach their full potential. While the benefits of ECI are widely recognized, its implementation faces numerous challenges that hinder its effectiveness … Read more
The Challenge of Building Democracy: A Global Perspective Democracy, a system of government where supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation, is often lauded as the ideal form of governance. It promises individual liberty, political participation, and accountability. However, the reality of building … Read more
Social and Political Consolidation: Building the Foundations of a Stable Society Social and political consolidation are fundamental processes that underpin the stability and prosperity of any nation. They involve the gradual integration of diverse social groups, the establishment of strong and legitimate institutions, and the creation of a shared sense of national identity. This article … Read more